Identifying the Different Types of Anemia

Anemias
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What are the different types of anemias?
Anemia is a decrease in hemoglobin level, and there is a reduced ability for the blood to carry oxygen to the body tissues. There are different types of anemias, such as hemolytic anemia, sickle cell anemia, iron deficiency anemia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, and vitamin deficiency anemia.
Compare the causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatments of different types of anemia in a table.
Type of anemia

Cause

Symptoms

Diagnostic tests

Treatments

 Hemolytic anemia

 Excessive loss of iron

Abnormal paleness,
jaundice, fever,
low blood oxygen levels, dark-colored urine, abnormal paleness, weakness, confusion, and dizziness

 Physical exam, blood tests, and peripheral smear, and reticulocyte count are the common tests. Other tests are bone marrow tests, urine tests, or genetic tests.

 blood transfusions, plasmapheresis, medication blood, and marrow stem cell transplants (Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY)

Sickle cell anemia

Hereditary blood disorder where the red blood cells have an abnormal sickle shape

 Fatigue, pale appearance, worsening heart problems, Jaundice, swelling and pain in hands and feet, chest pain and pain and inflammation on the back, arms, or legs (Rogers, 2019)

 Blood tests with SCD ( inherited red blood cell disorders), RBCs, and Hb electrophoresis (Rogers, 2019)

 Bone marrow transplant
Iron chelators
Pain medication
Rehydration with intravenous fluids
Supplemental oxygen
Transfusion therapy
Treating infections
(Rogers, 2019)

 Iron deficiency anemia

 Shortage of iron in the body
This may be due to
low iron intake
blood loss
Internal bleeding
Inability to absorb iron

  Brittle nails
Cold hands and feet
Dizziness
Fast or irregular heartbeat
Fatigue
Headaches
Pale skin
Shortness of breath
Strange cravings
Tingling in legs
Tongue swelling or soreness
Weakness
(Cafasso, 2020)

 Blood tests
Assessing stroke risk

 Medications
* Crizanlizumab (Adakveo)
* Hydroxyurea (Droxia, Hydrea, Siklos)
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