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Pages:
2 pages/≈550 words
Sources:
2 Sources
Style:
APA
Subject:
Health, Medicine, Nursing
Type:
Other (Not Listed)
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 8.64
Topic:

Empirical Reasoning

Other (Not Listed) Instructions:

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Textbook: Chapter 14
Lesson 1, 2
Link (library article): Myopia and Ambient Lighting at Night (Links to an external site.)
Link (library article): Myopia and Ambient Night-Time Lighting (Links to an external site.)
Link (website): What Are Clinical Trials and Studies? (Links to an external site.)
Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook and noted readings)
Introduction
As the text points out, causal reasoning is used in clinical studies. As a professional in the health field, you will undoubtedly be referring to cause/effect studies for the rest of your professional life. In this discussion, you are asked to expand and deepen your understanding of clinical studies.
In 1999, a study on the causes of myopia appeared in the prestigious journal Nature (Quinn). The study received wide-spread publicity in leading newspapers, such as the New York Times, and on television outlets, such as CBS and CNN. Within a year, another article in Nature followed up the 1999 study (Zadnik et al., 2000). The studies had dramatically different findings.
Initial Post Instructions
Using what you have learned from the text, as well as any other sources you may find useful (including the website in the Required Resources), analyze and evaluate the methodology of both studies and how methodology affected the differences in how the studies were reported.
Reportage of both studies can be found with an Internet search using all of the following terms: .
Follow-Up Post Instructions
Respond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.
Writing Requirements
Minimum of 3 posts (1 initial & 2 follow-up)
Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside source)
APA format for in-text citations and list of references

Other (Not Listed) Sample Content Preview:

Empirical Reasoning
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Name and Number
Lecturer’s Name
Assignment Due Date
Empirical Reasoning
Post 1
A causal argument is based on a cause-effect relationship between two events. This claim provides the promises to support a conclusion about a cause-and-effect relationship. Norman (2015) noted that causal arguments are inductive. For that reason, the arguer must demonstrate that the precipitating event is the only rational cause of the resulting event to determine the argument’s strength.
A causal study conducted by Quinn et al. (1999) found a strong correlation between childhood exposure to ambient light at night and myopia. This study used a sample size of 479 children aged 2-16. The children’s parents completed a questionnaire on the child’s light exposure at present and before two years old. Quinn et al. (1999) established that myopia prevalence was high in children exposed to ambient light during sleep at night within the first two years of their life. This was after a considerable number of children presented with myopia when they slept in room light. The result suggested that a prolonged absence of darkness in early childhood increases the chances of developing myopia.
Zadnik et al. (2000) performed a similar study using a sample of 1220 children aged 2-20. They found no correlation between exposure to ambient light and myopia and argued that this condition is caused by a combination of environmental actors and genetics. The study concluded that parents with myopia leave the night light on more often while their chi...
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