Perspectives on Aristotle, Arrian, and Maccabees

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Perspectives
Aristotle states that the polis is the highest kind of community and should strive towards the highest goods. According to Aristotle, the foundation of the polis is the greatest of benefactions since only within it can people fulfill their potential. Consequently, the theorist believed that the purpose of political society was to provide economic preconditions of morality firstly. Both economic and moral wants are enmeshed, and the polis should provide an adequate level of material prosperity and the moral restrictions governing economic activity. The polis works to ensure that production and distribution activities are founded on moral and economic principles. Moreover, the polis should provide educational opportunities to cultivate and realize ethical values (Cole and Symes). Aristotle believed that the political society should promote habituated modes of moral virtue through training and repetition. The polis should avail an environment that promotes moral education and practice since it is by participating in public life that men learn to deliberate and act ethically.
Further to this, the political society must provide social preconditions for moral behavior. Aristotle claimed that man is a social being and that happiness is incomplete without the involvement and happiness of others. People do not find happiness by acting solely for their interests; instead, they find happiness by contributing to the good of others (Cole and Symes). The polis gives identity and an opportunity for man to take an interest in the welfare of others, over and above, cultivate meaningful relationships with those around him. Therefore, the polis's purpose is to encourage organic relations between people geared towards promoting good. Finally, Aristotle asserted that the function of the polis is to create a stable and moderate constitution where the fewest number of people are alienated or marginalized. Therefore, the political society must work to distribute political power among the middle class to have a government with not too many wealthy or poor people.
The first way Alexander's relations with his Macedonian troops were strained during his campaigns was after defeating the warlord chieftain of the Indus Valley, Porus. Alexander then planned to venture further into the Indian subcontinent. However, his troops were exhausted and homesick...