Alcohol Consumption and the Changes that Took Place in1700 and 1800

1. The 1700's saw the increasing emergence of cities and urban living . In the 1700's and the 1800's we see the emergence of centralized manufacturing and the emergence of an urban, industrial working class. What are the difference in the kinds of alcohol consumed by the upper classes as compared to the lower classes in the US and Europe during these times? What are the reasons for these differences? How were these consumption patterns created, supported, and justified? Give specific examples of types of alcohol such as madeira, port, wine, beer, distilled spirits such as whiskey and gin, and absinthe. Include economic and technological forces which shaped these differences in amounts and types of consumption of alcohol.
2. In Chapters 8 & 9 we learn that alcohol was becoming more readily available. After the American and French Revolutions these countries began to make changes to their political and legal systems. What are some of the most important changes that took place in the 1700's as compared with the 1800's? What are some of the new laws and regulations that were put into place and how well were they received by the general public? Give examples of how crime was defined and prosecuted and how taxation was structured. Why did some of these approaches fail when others succeeded?
(Each question for at least 100 words.)