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3 pages/≈825 words
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APA
Subject:
Life Sciences
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Essay
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Life Sciences: Nietzsche’s versus Sartre’s Views on Ethics.

Essay Instructions:

PHIL 001 Paper 4 topics
Please pick one of the following topics to write on. Please focus on the writings we used, and not their other writings or their personal lives. You may also develop your own paper topic, but must get my approval in advance.
Compare and contrast Marx and Nietzsche. Focus on the role of history in their work: the past history of an enslaved/oppressed group overcoming a ruling group, and how this history has shaped present-day ethics or present-day classes. According to each, what forces drive history, and where do they think history is going?
Compare and contrast Nietzsche’s and Sartre’s views on ethics. Topics to consider include their critique of conventional morality and religion, their conceptions of freedom/spontaneity, their conceptions of the self/substances/essences, and the role of creativity in the ethical sphere.
Explain the basic position that Sartre takes, and then show how either Beauvoir or Fanon applies this analysis to the situation of women or blacks.
Explain the basic position that Marx takes, and then show how either Beauvoir or Fanon applies this analysis to the situation of women or blacks.
Compare and contrast Beauvoir and Fanon. You should devote some attention to their basic philosophical position, but you should also consider the ways in which the situations of women and blacks are similar, and the what ways in which they are different.
Format: Name on first page only in top left. 12-point Times New Roman double-spaced, 1-inch margins all around. The reason for this is that I blind-grade the papers.
Grading criteria:
Accuracy and detail of content on each philosopher. You may use direct quotes, but for the most part, you should put their ideas in your own words.
Perceptiveness of the comparison.
Spelling and grammar.
Organization: The paper as a whole should have a topic sentence, each paragraph should have a topic sentence for that paragraph, and the paper should be organized into paragraphs which cover similar material.
Papers must be a minimum of 750 words long. Try to devote roughly equal amounts of space to each philosopher. You do not need to use secondary sources, but if you do, you must use some standard citation method, such as MLA, APA, or Chicago. For this class only, you do not need to cite the primary texts assigned in class: I will be able to tell where you are getting the material. Papers may be submitted by Canvas Papers are due 5/8 at 11:59 p.m. Philadelphia time. Late papers will be penalized a grade a day.

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Life Sciences
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Life Sciences
Both Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean-Paul Satre are significant figures in the existentialism philosophical movement. While existential philosophy is quite rich and diverse, these two philosophers share several basic ideas regarding ethics, freedom, and responsibility. Nietzsche’s moral philosophy is mainly critical in orientation. For instance, he attacks morality for having a toxic impact due to its unique values and norms on the success of ‘higher men’. He is also against its weak descriptive claims regarding human agency. His positive ethical claims incorporate a view of human perfection that involves both substantial and formal elements as well as a form of consequentiality perfectionism.
Nietzsche argues against contemporary attempts to justify moral responsibility and free will. According to him, religious and moral traditions are not free wills but casually determined. He regards philosophy as the most spiritual will to power. Freedom in his writing was something that must be achieved or a task that was earned.
Nietzsche rejects basic assumptions by several philosophers who preceded him that God was an ideal source to seek answers to questions. He leaves human beings free to seek answers for themselves. As an atheist, Nietzsche theory claimed that the absence of a god to dictate what should or should not be done allows man to define himself (Leiter, B. 2014). In his view, without morality, a god, or any kind of pre-existing influence, individuals are free to define themselves as whatever they desire to become.
Sartre’s philosophy brings out the distinct features of existential ethics. The key concepts in his analysis of ethics include freedom, bad faith, angst, and authenticity. His morality is based on the universality of the freedom that man holds. Every man’s action, and not only the ‘higher man’, is based on freedom and by choosing his action, but he also dines them as favourable or useful. Sartre portrays that this is what creates a morality and that there is no prior existence of one.
Sartre has a better solution as compared to Nietzsche as his ethical view is less challenging in regards to subjectivity. It allows for ethical consideration of others. His philosophy celebrated humanity by acknowledging the power of man to be free and responsible. In Sartre’s view, the man lacked any pre-determined essence and thus, emphasizing on freedom and responsibility and how they affected the human state of being (Webber, J. 2009). His notion is that we human are radically free, and the external...
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