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2 pages/≈550 words
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Life Sciences
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Topic:

Define Stem Cells

Essay Instructions:

Bonus assignment # 2 - Extra credit worth 10 points.
In this first quarter we studied molecules and cells. Write an original article about mammalian or human stem cells. Answer the following questions: define stem cells, where are they found, what is their abundance, what are their uses, how can they be harvested, why all the fuss about these cells in popular news.
Include a bibliography (references from which your writing is based) of at least 4 sources. Indicate in your article which reference/source was used and where. References can be numbered (1,2,3,4,etc in order of appearance in your paper) or arranged in alphabetical order and cited in the paper as (Nathaniel R, 2021). You MUST NOT cite Google as your primary source (you can use a search engine like Google, Bing, etc to search for primary source articles).
Papers should have 1 inch margins, use a 12 point font, SINGLE spaced and 2 pages long excluding bibliography (this can go on the third page).
Please DO NOT include your NAME anywhere in the paper. Begin your paper from the top of the page. (Your name automatically appears next to your submission on the Moodle page).
Please make sure your SIMILARITY SCORE/Originality report that is displayed after your submit your work is less than 30%...anything more means you have cut and paste or copied your work from other sources....you need to use other sources, but re-write the information in your own words.
Please use the link below to submit your written assignment. Your manuscript can be uploaded as an attachment (MS Word, PDF, Google Docs).
By submitting your work, you agree to let Nicholls State University utilize 3rd party services to check for plagiarism, unacknowledged usage of other published work and to check for copying from other students'

Essay Sample Content Preview:
What are Stem Cells?
           Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that do not have developed a specialized role in an organism. Stem cells are capable of undergoing the process of differentiation or maturation into many specific kinds of cells (Brazier, 2018). For instance, the germ layers during embryonic development, which includes the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm, are all stem cells that will give rise to specific types of tissue in the body (Winograd, 2020). The endoderm will give rise to the internal organs and lining of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the liver, and the stomach, while the ectoderm will give rise to the outer lining of the body, which includes the epidermis and the skin (Winograd, 2020). The mesoderm, on the other hand, will give rise to the layer between the ectoderm and endoderm, such as the muscles and skeleton (Winograd, 2020).
Where are Stem Cells Found?
           There are many locations where stem cells can be found, including embryonic cells, the umbilical cord fluid, the placental tissue, and the bone marrow (Greene, 2019). The stem cells in these parts of the body vary in volume and can remain dormant until it is signaled to be differentiated into many specific kinds of cells (Greene, 2019).
What is their abundance?
           Although stem cells can be found in different locations, adult stems cells are relatively rare. For instance, only 1 in 10,000 to 15,000 cells in the bone marrow is a stem cell (National Institutes of Health, 2016). The embryonic cells, on the other hand, have a high abundance of stem cells that can differentiate into any kind of cells; however, many ethical and controversial issues are needed to be considered (Greene, 2019).
What are their uses?
           Other than taking the role of any kind of specialized cell in the body, scientists can use stem cells in different medical treatments, such as tissue regeneration, disease treatments, brain treatment, cell therapy, and blood disease treatments (Brazier, 2018). Added by Brazier (2018), tissue regeneration is probably the best potential use of stem cells. For example, a person that needs a kidney transplant would not need to wait for a matching donor for surgery. Instea...
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