Cell Behaviors (Biological & Biomedical Sciences Research Paper)

Cell Behaviors
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Introduction
Cells are the basis of life since they contain the fundamental molecules working together based on a specific function. However, different factors dictate the adaptation and normal functioning of the cell. The advancing technology has made possible for Nanotechnology, which mainly deals with the dimension and tolerances less than 100 nanometers in the manipulation of molecules and atoms. As a result of nanotechnology, nanoscale fabrication has evolved in manufacturing nanostructures that involve none, one, or two dimensions under the nanometer range. In general terms, nanofabrication involves the designing process of the nanomaterials with the devices measured in nanometers, thus helping in the parallel processing of the materials over a large scale. The nanofabrication uses a state-of-the-art technology that is mostly applied in designing microcontrollers, microchips, and other silicon chips since it investigates its properties of the atoms. This range is used as the basic unit in the production of microelectronics, semiconductors, and optics, just to mention a few. Changes in the environment both internally and externally have a massive effect on the function of the cell. These changes always have an impact on the structure of the cell. Therefore, for the cell to perform its primary function, it has to change its adaptation to the changes in the environment, thus fitting it within its initial functioning. The changes in the cell structure and behavior always lead to the emergence of other functions, thus enhancing its usability. At the same time, some of the functions are impaired as a result of these changes, which makes it somehow ineffective. Therefore, this paper will explore three articles, namely; Modulation of macrophage phenotype by cell shape by McWhorter et al. (2013); Early TCR signaling induces rapid aerobic glycolysis enabling distinct acute T cell effector functions by Menk et al. (2018); Phosphoenolpyruvate is a metabolic checkpoint of anti-tumor T cell responses by Ho et al. (2015). These will be on the basis of exploring the behaviors of the cell under different conditional factors.
Articles Reviews
McWhorter, F. Y., Wang, T., Nguyen, P., Chung, T., & Liu, W. F. (2013). Modulation of macrophage phenotype by cell shape. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(43), 17253-17258.
Main advances
Macrophages are very crucial, especially in regulating immunity during the healing of wounds and infections. Their behaviors in regulation are controlled by the soluble factors of the environment. Adhesive cues are also vital in the regulation of the pro healing and proinflammatory of the cell (McWhorter et al. 2013). The authors used engineered cell culture substrates in their research to control the shape of the cell to find out if the cell's elongation promotes a pro-healing phenotype. Furthermore, the authors identify molecular pathways that transduce the physical cues to biochemical cues governing the cell's response in regulating the macrophage function. 
Methods
A total of five methods were used in achieving the objective of the research. This includes; cell isolation n and culture, cell micropat...