The Cell: Anatomy and Division

The Cell: Anatomy and Division
Name Course Instructor Date
1. Briefly identify and describe all cellular organelles (including cell membrane and its components) associated with Figure 4.3 of your laboratory textbook.Organelle
Ribosomes –These are tiny spherical organelles without the membrane and have ribonucleoproteins associated ribosomal RNA from the nucleolus. There are the sites of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) – This is a membranous system of tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm and can be rough or smooth (Marieb & Smith, 2016).
Golgi apparatus - These are “stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated small vesicles; found close to the nucleus “ (Marieb & Smith, 2016). Processes, packages and distributes proteins to other organelles for export.
Lysosomes - These are globular organelles and membranous vesicles, inside which intracellular digestion takes place
Peroxisomes -Small spherical organelles that are surrounded by a membrane and contain oxidase enzymes.
Mitochondria - The mitochondria are cylindrical and are bounded by a double membrane consisting of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane
Centrioles -These are paired barrel-shaped bodies lying close to the nucleus and lie at right angle of each other. They help in cell division and separate during cell division where they separate and move allowing them to form poles of the nuclear spindle.
Cytoskeletal network of protein filaments of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
Microvilli - Microscopic cellular membrane protrusions, which increase the surface area for diffusion and minimize any increase in volume
* Microfilaments- These are actin filaments and constitute the cortex, which under the plasma membrane. They give shape and elasticity to the cell.
* Intermediate filaments- made up of proteins filaments, and they resist mechanical forces acting on cells and perform structural functions.
* Microtubules - These are tubular filaments that are part of internal structure of centrioles and help determine cell shape (Marieb & Smith, 2016).
Plasma membrane- membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.2. Briefly identify and describe the stages of interphase and mitosis associated with Figure 4.4 of your laboratory textbook.
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus into two daughter nuclei and division of the cytoplasm..Interphase is the stage during which the cell grows and DNA duplicates. It comprises three periods: G1, S and G2. the first gap phase (G1), the synthesis phase (S), and the second gap phase (G2). The centrioles begin replicating (G 1), DNA synthesis and replication (S) final preparations for mitosis are completed and centrioles finish replicating (Marieb & Smith, 2016, 2016).
3. Briefly identify and describe the microscopic appearance of epithelial tissue (all types). Be sure to include the location and function of each type of tissue.
A squamous epithelial cell appears flat, a cuboidal epithelial cell is square-like and a columnar epithelial cell appears lik...