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History
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Topic:

Religious Upheavals, Colonial European Powers, and the Enlightenment and Great Awakening

Coursework Instructions:

Exam 1 Short Essay Questions

Instructions Choose 3 of the following topics and write an essay On Each Topic of at least 1 page but no more than 2 pages. The essays must be written as one document – not three separate ones. Clearly label each question with a short title that is relevant to the topic. Grammar and mechanics count. MLA format: typed, double spaced, 1-inch margins on all 4 sides; heading on the first page with your name, course number, my name, and date you submit it; header with your last name and page number in upper right corner (use the Insert Menu in Word to create the header; Times New Roman 12 font No research required or expected. Use your textbook, notes, and other materials from the class in D2L. DUE Monday, February 13 at 11.59 pm Link will be in the Week 4 Folder to submit your essay document. You may turn in the essay document in any time between Week 2 and the due date, February 13. Topics 1. What were the consequences of the religious upheavals of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? 2. What were the various goals of the colonial European powers in the expansion of their empires? To what extent were they able to achieve these goals? Where did they fail? 3. Compare and contrast life in the Spanish, French, Dutch, and English colonies, differentiating between the Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies. Who were the colonizers? What were their purposes in being there? How did they interact with their environments and the native inhabitants of the lands on which they settled? 4. What impact did Europeans have on their New World environments—native peoples and their communities as well as land, plants, and animals? Conversely, what impact did the New World’s native inhabitants, land, plants, and animals have on Europeans? How did the interaction of European and Native American societies, together, shape a world that was truly “new”? 5. How did the ideas of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening offer opposing outlooks to British Americans? What similarities were there between the two schools of thought?

Coursework Sample Content Preview:
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History
Consequences of the Religious Upheavals of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
The religious upheaval repercussions in the 16th and 17th centuries significantly impacted European individuals' lives. Several conflicts occurred between the Protestants and Catholics, which in turn caused forced migration, persecution, and deaths. The Catholic Church was gradually becoming weak in numerous nations while protestant was slowly gaining power and becoming more popular and dominant in these nations. Protestantism extended beyond Geneva and German states to England, where Catholicism had dominated for centuries. Furthermore, the tension in Europe due to religion caused leading to the death of around eight million people. The main reason migration was common was that the church lacked significant power, and there was massive space for developing communities, making them leave peacefully and boldly. 
On the other hand, religious change led to several crimes in the 16th and 17th centuries. Reluctance to follow allegiances to the changes that every monarch developed was responsible for the crime. During these two eras, many people experienced harsh punishments. In some cases, individuals who were against the religious changes declined to follow the upcoming practices, organized rebellions, or spoke out publicly against these adjustments. As a result, the reformation gave birth to monarchy, involving government and parliament in the religious stuff. Thus, a person committing a crime of heresy would be causing treason. 
Furthermore, the religious upheavals in the two centuries were responsible for the spread of nationalism worldwide. The kingdoms and local principalities integrated sects and denominations, leading to several national identities. As a result, the state religions closely joined the national identity. The rulers of several catholic kingdoms moved away from the impact of the Vatican. As a result, this era was commonly known as the age of Kings and Queens. The religious motives spread European expansion, where rivalries between Catholics and Protestants spread across America. Therefore, European nature significantly changed due to the reformation and religious upheavals that were part of it. 
Goals of the Colonial European Powers in the Expansion of Their Empires
Numerous nations in history developed and expanded great empires via imperialism policy. Imperialism happens whenever strong nations dominate a weak country or geographical region. The larger and more powerful countries apply political, military, and economic force to expand and develop their empires. Economic, religious, and political motives in the late 1800s encouraged these countries to expand their influence on other nations and regions. Every European country aimed to surge its power across every corner of the world. 
The expansion of these empires enables a nation to join foreign markets aiming to sell industrial products. The traditional indu...
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