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Life Sciences
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Topic:

On Whether Science Can Explain Everything

Term Paper Instructions:

The term paper you will write for this class should be a position paper. That is, you take a certain view and either you argue for it, or critique it. Here are some steps you need to follow: 




1. Choose a topic




2. Construct a brief abstract which sums up what you intend to do in your paper. Here is an example from one of my own published papers in Philosophia Christi Journal (2011):




 




Title: Frank Jackson’s Location Problem and Argument from the Self




  




Abstract: E. J. Lowe argues in Personal Agency that the self is physically embodied yet not identical with any physical body, nor with any part of a physical body, such as the brain. For Lowe, the self is an agent that is capable of carrying out intentional actions. Call this the thesis about the self (TS). In this paper my purpose is to develop and defend TS and argue that Frank Jackson’s serious metaphysics (SM) fails to account for the nature of the self. This paper is outlined as follows: Section I presents Lowe’s theory of the self. In section II, I present Jackson’s central claims of SM. In section III, I develop Jackson’s SM as an objection against Lowe’s TS. In section IV, I respond to objections raised against Lowe’s TS and then critique Jackson’s claim that if an entity is not locatable within the framework of physicalism it should be eliminated. In section V, I conclude that Lowe’s TS is superior to Jackson’s SM."




 




3. Be clear in regard to want you want to do once you decide a topic for your paper. Ask yourself: Do I want to critique this view or defend it? Always give reasons for any central claims that you make. Don’t simply list opinions without defending them. 





4.   Consider objections against your position and respond to those objections. Your paper must be based on arguments not just mere series of assertions. For a detailed information on how to write a good philosophy paper, look at the following two links:


  

 Jim Pryor’s Guidelines on Writing a Philosophy Paper:


 

  For Jim Prior’s, Philosophical Glossary for Beginner’s. Look at


 

Examples of Paper Topics


1. Is modest foundationalism a better view compared to the classical Cartesian foundationalism? If so, why?


2. Discuss Edmund Gettier’s case against the sufficiency of the three components of knowledge, namely justification, truth and belief (JTB). For example, do you think that Gettier’s thought experiment effectively shows the inadequacy of the traditional analysis of knowledge, that is, JTB? If so, why? If not why?


3. Are human beings purely physical beings?

4. Can science explain everything?

5. Do properties exist as universals or particulars? 


6. Argue for or against skepticism.

7. Argue for or against moral relativism

8. Does soul exist?

 


 


Term Paper Sample Content Preview:
On Whether Science Can Explain Everything
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Can science explain everything?
What is science? The definition of science can be classified broadly into two; a discipline and a process. Science is the process of acquiring new knowledge through observation, experimentation, testing, and hypothesizing (Ladiges & Mayo, 2017). It is also the body of knowledge of the things that have already been discovered through science. Science has been touted to explain everything. Most scientists claim that science is the answer to everything. Claiming it can explain everything is a stretch, there are some unknowable things about ourselves, our environment, the world and the universe. Can science explain the origin of the universe? Can it comprehensively explain morality and consciousness? There have been attempts to frame the world through the lens of science (observation, experimentation, and testing). These processes that are considered the core of science have fallen short in explaining everything in the universe. 
One of the things sciences has struggled to explain is the universe. While out knowledge of the universe has increased tremendously through scientific research, there are still unknowable things about it. To understand the universe, there are various questions we ought to ask and find definitive answers to. These questions help explain the world and generate new knowledge. These are the questions Isaac Newton asked himself when an apple fell from the tree and wondered why it had to go down, not up. By attempting to answer these questions, new scientific knowledge comes to be. In the process, Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravitation. 
However, there are unknowable things about the universe such as its origin. While scientific observations, theories, and experiments have attempted to explain how the universe came to be, the best science can do to put out theories. One of the key reasons why only theories can explain it is because our planet and solar system has been around for at least a few billion years. Finding evidence of how it came to be is hard and in that period of time, a lot more evidence may have disappeared. The fragments of evidence that scientists have collected can never fully explain how our universe came to be or in the very least our solar system. The best science can do is to front a theory. Theories do not explain an occurrence scientifically. Theories are part of the scientific knowledge generation process and have to be validated by experiments. However, the origin of the universe remains a mystery. One of the most accepted theories of the origin of the universe is the Big Bang Theory. It is a rapid explosion that is believed to have happened 13.7 billion years ago. In a trillionth of a second, the universe came to be. This came from a singularity at a point of infinite density and temperatures beyond human comprehension (Wall, 2011). This rapid expansion formed the universe and everything in it. This theory has a fundamental problem that science cannot explain. Where did the singularity come from? What were the properties of the singularity? Why the rapid expansion? What triggered this explosion? While science has been able to find some theoret...
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