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Soil science. Main adsorption mechanisms. Math Problem.

Math Problem Instructions:

The goal of this assignment is to provide training on the calculation of cation exchange
capacity (CEC), which is a quantitative measure of the amount of cations held at the
surface of soil minerals through adsorption. A key feature of the adsorption mechanism
involved is that the cations are held in exchangeable form, i.e. they can be swapped out
by other cations coming to the mineral surface from solution (pore water) with which the
mineral is in contact. This swapping causes release of previously bound cations into
solution (i.e they are solubilized), combined with retention of previously dissolved
cations on the mineral surface. Cation exchange is critical to plant nutrition because the main nutrient cations are
retained on soil particles by this mechanism. Since plants can only take up dissolved
ions, the nutrients have to be solubilized to make them available for plants. This is done
by cation exchange. The CEC of a soil is therefore a critical factor in the ability of that
soil to support plant growth and a major indicator of soil productivity and fertility.
Cation exchange is not, however, the only adsorption mechanism by which ions are
held on mineral surfaces.
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Math Problem Sample Content Preview:

Soil Science
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Number
Instructor
Date
Soil Science
Question 1
* Main adsorption mechanisms
The two main adsorption mechanisms are physisorption (physical adsorption) and chemisorption (chemical adsorption).
* Main differences
The main distinctions between these two adsorption mechanisms are based on reversibility, heat absorption, specificity, and heat activation. For instance, physical adsorption is reversible, accompanied by low heat absorption of around 5kcal/mol, and non-specific as it is often multilayer. Additionally, the process has little heat of activation. On the other hand, chemical adsorption is irreversible, has a relatively higher heat absorption ranging between 20 and 100 kcal/mol, a character-specific process, and is a monolayer. Also, the process has a somewhat higher heat of activation (Zhou et al., 2020).
* Mechanisms involved
Physisorption involves using weak Van der Waal forces to adsorb the gas molecules on solid surfaces. Conversely, the chemisorption uses chemical bonds between the adsorbent surface and the gas molecules. As a result, a unimolecular layer is formed in the chemical adsorption mechanism.
* Important soil solids for cation exchange capacity (CEC)
Considering aluminum oxides, clay silicates, iron oxides, and organic matter, the two most crucial soil solids for CEC are clay silicates and organic matter.
Question 2
* 10 cmolc of Al3+ is required to replace 10 cmolc of Ca2+
But, cmolc = cmol × valence, implying that cmol = cmolc ÷ valence
= 10 ÷ 3
= 3.33 cmol
* 3.33 cmol = 3.33/100 moles
Therefore, mass of cmol = 3.33 moles100 × 27g/mol
= 0.8991 g
≈ 0.9 g
Question 3
* Ca2+ yields 7 cmolc
Mg2+ yields 4 cmolc
K+ yields 2 cmolc
Al3+ yields 4 cmolc
Total positive exchangeable charge = 7 + 4 + 2 + 4 = 17 cmolc
CEC = 17400 × 1,000
= 42.5 cmolc/kg
* Aluminum saturation = (4/17) × 100
≈ 23.53%
* Ca2+ yields 7 cmolc
cmol = ...
Updated on
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