American Government: Roman Republic And The Calvinist Republic

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American Government
Section one
Institutions that can either be legal or political with authority to make decisions on behalf of members of the society to ensure order is maintained are known as Governments. The various types of governments include Communism, Marxist, Socialism, Monarchy, Republic, Dictator, Tyranny, Anarchy and Totalitarianism (Thomas, n.p).
Monarchy
It’s a system of government in which supreme authority is vested on an individual, usually a hereditary figure. Some of the examples throughout history of countries that had monarchies include Sweden with King Charles VII, France with King Louis XIV, Russia with the Czars and most memorable of them all being Ivan the Terrible. Current Monarchs include Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert II of Monaco. It is however important to note that monarchies can be categorized into absolute and constitutional monarchs depending on the powers bestowed (Thomas, n.p). The current rule in the UK by Queen Elizabeth is a good example of a constitutional monarch. Absolute monarchs on the other hand had full authority to make decisions and pass judgments on their own as was the case in Russia under the rule of Ivan IV.
Republic
In this type of government the supreme power rests on the citizens who are entitled to vote and the power is exercised by representatives elected by the citizens either directly or indirectly. One of the very first of this type of government was in Carthage, North Africa. Further examples in history include the Roman republic and the Calvinist republic (Thomas, n.p).
Tyranny
Governments ruled by oppressive and cruel leaders who claim absolute power by being brutal and instilling fear on the people. Some examples of this type of government include Genghis Khan of Mongolia, Henry VIII of England, and Rome’s Caligula among others (Thomas, n.p).
Totalitarianism
It was characterized by lack of recognition for individual’s rights to freedom. Adolf Hitler’s reign in Nazi Germany is one vivid example. They usually work on achieving specific set out goals like acquiring new lands through conquering. Others include Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union and Benito Mussolini of Italy (Thomas, n.p).
Communism
Cuba under Fidel Castro, North Korea, China under Mao Zedong are some examples of the communist governments where the property and major industries in transportation and manufacturing are owned by the government which in turn shares the benefits equally to the people (Thomas, n.p).
Marxist
Marxism, named after Karl Marx is identified by maintaining balance between all social classes and basically that there should be no classes in society (Thomas, n.p). For instance, replacing private properties with cooperative ownership.
Socialism
This form of government can be seen in Scandinavian countries of Norway, Denmark, Finland and Sweden. It’s characterized by equal ownership of the factors of production like labor and natural resources by the people in the society. However, the share of production depends on individual contribution (Thomas, n.p). Other countries include Netherlands, New Zealand and Belgium.
Anarchy
This is a soc...