Verbal Source Citations
When preparing a detailed speech preparation outline, do not confuse the APA entries in a formal "References" section with the verbal source citations in your outline. APA entries are intended to be read, whereas verbal source citations are intended to be heard by your audience members.
Instructions:
Convert each formal APA entry below into a verbal source citation that you can speak to your audience. Remember that verbal source citations typically come before the evidence they provide, so imagine that you are getting your audience ready to hear some evidence (a story, a statistic, a quotation, etc.) from the source. You can add additional details to establish the credibility of your source.
1.
A Book: Arking, R. (2006). The biology of aging: Observations and principles (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
(Example verbal source citation: "Medical researcher Robert Arking shares an incredible statistic about senior citizens. In his book "The biology of Aging," published by Oxford University Press in 2006, Arking asserts that....")
2.
A Print Magazine: Borowitz, A. (2004, November 15). Pavlov's brother. New Yorker, 80(35), 63-66.
3.
A Newspaper: Brown, P.L. (1999, September 5). Tiffany glass and other tales from the crypt. The New York Times, pp. 1,5.
4.
A Website page: See Turtle Restoration Project. (2006) Threats to sea turtles. Retrieved from http://www(dot)seaturtleinc(dot)org/rehabilitation/threats-to-sea-turtles/
5.
An Online Reference: Heuristic (n.d.) in Merriam-Webster's online dictionary (11th ed.) Retrieved From http://www(dot)merriam-webster(dot)com/dictionary/heuristic
6.
An Interview: L. Smith, personal communication, December 1, 2011.
Verbal Source Citations
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Course:
Professor:
Date:
Verbal Source Citations Verbal Source Citations Arking, R. (2006). The biology of aging: Observations and principles (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. “Medical researcher Robert Arking shares an incredible statistic about senior citizens. In his book “The biology of Aging,” published by Oxford University Press in 2006, Arking asserts that....” Borowitz, A. (2004, November 15). Pavlov’s brother. New Yorker, 80(35), 63-66. “Times best-selling author and comedian Andy Borowitz shares great insights into the impact of scientific experiments on animals through the story of an acclaimed scientist, Dr. Ivan Pavlov. In his article “Pavlov’s brother” posted in The New Yorker in 2004, Borowitz states that…” Brown, P.L. (1999, September 5). Tiffany glass and other tales from the crypt. The New York Times, pp. 1-5. “In her article “Tiffany glass and other tales from the crypt” pub...
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