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Social Sciences
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Military Theory: Challenges and Strategy

Essay Instructions:

Using the introduction to military theory, consider America’s near-term challenges posed by China or Russia to build a thesis of what elements of strategy remain most important today.
Please write for depth and breadth, and use historical examples where you can. Consider such factors as the models of strategy presented, the nature and character of war, the theory fundamentals of Clausewitz, war termination, or any other factors."
Please note the essay is meant to assess progress towards:
1. Analyze how the nature of war, military theory, and past practice pertain to the operational use of the military IOP across the range of military operations.
2. Analyze traditional and alternative forms of warfare.
3. Apply the lessons of military theory and practice as well as current US security and military guidance to contemporary operational challenges.
Note that the course straddles theory, principles and practice. I recommend keeping the distinction between those in mind.
For the purpose of the essay, think of theories as comprehensive explanations for phenomena. (Germ theory might be an example). Principles offer guidance for action derived from theories. Principles, like those we find in doctrine, are by nature a bit abstract. That abstract nature makes them elastic to fit different cases, but the application will also require adjustment to circumstances. Before dismissing a strategic principle or theory, it is wise to consider whether it is applied properly--a tool needs to be used appropriately to meet the needs of a specific situation. as with any job, not every tool is needed for every job and some may only cause harm if used in the right situation. Successful military leaders are successful in large part because they translate theory and principles into practice more artfully than their adversaries.
Thought:
History provides examples of practice. The all-too-frequent tragic outcomes we find in the historical record suggest that it is very common to get this warfare stuff wrong, but there are also illustrative cases where things go fairly well. More often than we’d like, powerful people make mistakes. Not infrequently they offer telling written testimony about their mistakes – often before they make them. Great powers can, and do, commit great errors.
Strategy is difficult in part because it tackles both. Remember, though, that the same is true for competitors as they develop their strategies--generally speaking all sides in a confrontation have the same degree of challenges, if not exactly the same ones.
Illustrations and concrete examples offering evidence to support assertions add credibility. Almost any historical conflict will offer numerous examples of principles being applied, ignored, exploited, misused, or reinterpreted.
Reflect an understanding that reasonable people may disagree and address potential criticisms and also that few things on the strategic level are black and white dichotomies.
Please directly answer the question and use the resources provided. Thank you!

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Military Theory: Challenges and Strategy
It is no doubt that the United States remains the global superpower. However, this position is now under a serious threat posed by Russia to challenge its military dominance. Russia, owing to its superior cruise missiles that are hard to detect and advanced submarines, poses the primary military threat to the U.S. Since the founding of the Soviet Union, USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), Russia has been a great power during both World War II and Cold War (Oberdorfer 11). Russia’s primary intention to improve its military strength is to counter U.S. dominance. The fight for global superpower status has been far from over. Though the U.S. defeated Russia as its primary military opponent in the Cold War, leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, this has not marked the ultimate end of its success. The U.S. is aware that it faces a constant threat from Russia, which seeks to attain global military power. Despite the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia retreated to build its own independent national military program to enhance its capacity to counter U.S. supremacy. Therefore, the primary element of strategy that remains important today is how the U.S. can contain Russia’s military threat to protect its status and allies.
After emerging victorious from the Cold War, the U.S. might have underrated the Russian military power. However, learning from the defeat, Russia undertook a strategy to strengthen its military operation. Under the current Vladimir Putin administration, Russia has managed to develop a new military program supported by a large budget. The program has fueled a significant upgrade of Russia’s military forces from the army, and air force, to the navy by fostering the development of supersonic cruise missiles and other weaponry (Smith 22). Today, the most recent case that has proven the Russian military capabilities are the invasion of two of his neighbors, Georgia and Ukraine. Russia has invaded these countries to stop them from aligning with NATO and the West. The situation is a clear indication of the steps being made by Russia to reduce the U.S. global dominance and influence. The effects of these attacks have already been felt worldwide. The war has continued to take place at an increased scale as the Russian military advance its operation in conquering several Ukrainian and Georgian cities. As the war continues, there have been an increased prevalence of inflation and the heightened risk of collapse of the financial market. The cryptocurrency market is already crippled (Rezvani 881). In its strategic approach, the move by Russia to specifically attack countries allied to the United States is a clear indication of the United States-Russia supremacy battles.
The supremacy battle is explicitly being fronted to prove the military power through war. War is usually used as an act of force intended to compel our enemies to comply with our interest or do our desired will (von Clausewitz 75), which is the principle being used by Russia. Russia is against its neighbors, specifically regarding the current attacks on Ukraine and Georgia, allying with the West powers, particularly the United States....
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