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Literature & Language
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English (U.S.)
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Unit 1 Assignment. Terms and Questions Ontology. Language Essay

Essay Instructions:

For each Unit, students will write 3-5 pages defining and explaining the significance of at least 3 key terms or concepts from that Unit’s readings. Students are expected to do the research and thinking needed to learn new terms, and be able to understand how they function in the course material. The grade on these assignments is determined by how well students demonstrate their understanding of how the terms function in the readings, by explaining them in their own words, and using them effectively. Assignments are to be written in full sentences and paragraph form, with proper spelling, grammar and citations used. Failure to do so may result in a zero on the assignment.

 

UNIT 1: TERMS & QUESTIONS Grix, J (2002) Introducing Students to the Generic Terminology of Social Research. Politics, 22 (3), 175-186. Ontology Epistemology Methodology Social Capital Positivist/Positivism Objectivism Constructivism Interpretivism Woodwell, D. (2017) Finding and Organizing Information. In Research Foundations. (pp. 18-48). London, UK: Sage. First-person observation Mediated information Qualitative data Quantitative data Descriptive inference Causal research Participatory observation Overt observation Covert observation Classification Conceptualization Taxonomy Typology Marchak, Patricia M. (2011) Ideology and Social Organization. In Ideological Perspectives on Canada. (pp. 1-11). Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Ideology Social critic Social analyst Counter ideology Feudal society Class divisions Equality Hierarchy/hierarchical Capitalism Liberalism Industrial revolution (and/or industrial society) Marxism

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Terms and Questions
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Terms and Questions
Ontology
Grix (2002) describes ontology as a reflection of social reality in which a theory is based. In research, ontological claims are those claims and assumptions made in regards to the nature of social reality, claims regarding what exists, the composition of social reality and how it looks like, and how the components of social justice associate with each other (Grix, 2002, p. 177). Therefore, ontology claims and assumptions refer simply to the beliefs of individuals in regards to the composition of social reality, which makes up the ontological positions. Grix (2002) highlights two examples of ontological positions as contained within the standpoint of objectivism’ and ‘constructivism.
Objectivism
According to Grix (2002), objectivism refers to an ontological position that maintains that the existence of social phenomena and their respective meanings are independent of social actors. Objectivism, as an ontological position, influences how researchers conduct their research.
Constructivism
Constructivism is another ontological position which, unlike objectivism, claims that social workers are responsible for accomplishing the existence of social phenomena and their meanings (Grix, 2002). As an alternative to objectivism, constructivism implies that social phenomena exist through a continuous association with social actors as well as being in a constant state of revision.
First‐person observation
First-person observation is one of the major sources of observable information. Woodwell (2017) notes that witnessing an event or process take place firsthand is known as first-person observation. First-hand observation involves the process of searching and retrieving data firsthand (Woodwell, 2017). This process may include witnessing and retrieving the data directly (direct observation) or capturing the data firsthand as reported by someone (indirect observation). Observational data gathering involves either searching and retrieving qualitative data through fieldwork and qualitative experiments or quantitative data through the use of quantitative observation data collection using appropriate data collection instruments.
Mediated information
Mediated information is another significant source of observable information and refers to the data collected from various third-party sources. Some of these third party sources include TV, radio, and films, newspaper, books, data sets, among other sources compiled by other people (Woodwell, 2017). Mediated information can be collected as qualitative data using episodic record research or quantitative data using running record-type and content coding-type research. Woodwell (2017) adds that mediated information can either be collected from pr...
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