Three responses. Literature and Language Essay.

There are three post to respond to, with 91 words each=275. Need atleast 2 sources per post.
Jared Post #1 520
A single-payer health system is a plan that is designed and funded by the federal government that provides healthcare payment coverage for the entire population of the country (Blumberg, 2019). Currently the United States has the largest healthcare system financed by taxes among developed countries through Medicare, Medicaid, Tricare, the VA health systems as well as the state and local health insurance programs (Woodson, 2019). Despite this the extensive spending, the healthcare system is not funded through a single-payer system and does not provide universal healthcare.
The single-payer system faces several obstacles and political resistance, with members of the American society being wary of the risks to the health care system, businesses and the removal of the employer based insurance systems that dominate the current payer systems (Blumberg, et al., 2019). A large obstacle to the feasibility of the system is the required increase in government spending, which would require the funding to be sourced from increasing taxes, cutting federal spending in other areas or increasing the deficit (Blumberg, et al., 2019). In order to reduce this obstacle, the government would source funds from companies that are already paying into a private insurance and tax payers who are already buying into the employer funded system as well. This may reduce the need for an increased tax hike to fund the single-payer system (Woodson, 2019).
The single-payer system would drastically change the stakeholders in healthcare payment by eliminating the need for the current private insurance industry that provides employment and a large number of portfolios on the stock market. This would cause destabilization in the U.S. economy (Woodson, 2019). In addition to this, the system would likely reduce hospital revenues that would have ramifications for medical centers; especially smaller ones that are already struggling to remain open. This leads to a lower availability of geographic location and providers to provide health care (Blumberg, et al., 2019) and greater wait times.
The likelihood of a single-payer health system being implemented in the U.S. is low because of the shift in stakeholders and the requirement that the system be completely changed. The current health system however, is not based on the values or logic of the American society and is already funded through taxes without the benefit of universal coverage. In order to move forward, the process for how to provide care to those that don't have coverage or the ability to cover out of pocket expenses needs to have a well defined and supported process that doesn't place an undue burden on tax payers, the hospital system, the economy and provides access to care.
Kaleb Post #2 530
During this reading the subtopic that was most interesting to me was Consent Issues for Minors. The grey area for me is the area of Emancipated Minors and unborn children. An emancipated minor is a person under the age of 18 but have entered into a valid marriage, is an active member of the armed services, or has been ruled an emancipated minor by a state family code (Showalter, 2017). When medical decisions have to be made in regards to minors, whether they are emancipated or not, and the patient is incapable of making the decision it does pose greater practical, ethical, and legal difficulties (Showalter, 2017). If the parents are able to make a decision but decide to not offer consent, instead of waiting for a court order the facility should move forward with treatment despite parental objections but only in cases where delaying treatment could cause severe consequences to the patient (Showalter, 2017). One of the court cases that I found fascinating was Jefferson V. Griffin Spalding County Hospital Authority. A parent refused medical care for themselves but by refusing that care it would do harm to the unborn baby. The state and facility deemed that to be child neglect and ruled that statutory protection was even available for an unborn child (Showalter, 2017). It overrides the religious objections of the pregnant mother wishing to not have a blood transfusion. The court ruled in favor of the unborn child and transferred the custody of the child to the state and the baby was then delivered via cesarean section to save its life (Showalter, 2017). This grey area is that even though the parent may be practicing their beliefs and have their best interest in mind, the state ruled that the baby had the same rights as the mother and ruled that she could not make the decision for the child. I see this as a gray area because of the laws that allow women to choose what they want to do with their bodies in regards to their unborn children. In this particular case it was ruled that the baby had rights too and that is a wonderful outcome in this particular case.

Reference:
Showalter, S. (01/01/2017). The law of healthcare administration Health Administration Press.
Watson Post #3 540,
The measurement and assurance of quality and safety is the priority for both patients and clinicians in health organizationsand systems. I recently had an encounter with a health center for my grandfather suffering from diabetes, noting different tenets of ensuring quality and safety in their administration of care. The center’s concern on patient medical history, especially for chronic diseases, was one of the important safety measures as they insisted on the presence of a mentally stable guardian for children, elderly and mentally changed patients for accuracy. The organization had updated computer systems for systemicrecords of patient progress insistent on regular updates with every visit to ensure patient harm. However, the hospital had limited contact with their patient after they leave the premise, which greatly hinders remote care for home patients. Braithwaite (2018) noted that one of the reasons for a systemic change in healthcare is the emergence of new models of care. With this perception, the hospital can launch an app or a specified telemedicine service for patients who do not have to visit the center physically. This change would ensure that the clinical systems, processes and behaviors are available, reliable and affordable to patients at their convenience, which significantly enhances the quality according to Vincent et al. (2013).