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MPH504 Epidemiology mod 3 SLP: Designing an Epidemiologic Study to Test the Hypothesis

Essay Instructions:

Please answer questions thoroughly !
Designing an Epidemiologic Study to Test the Hypothesis
To test the hypothesis on the source of the outbreak, a case-control study was conducted from July 21-27. Thirty-one of the initial 38 persons meeting the original case definition (i.e., those not used in hypothesis generating interviews) were included as cases. It was decided that two controls would be selected for every case and would be matched to the case by age group (0-<2 years, 2-<5 years, 5-<12 years, 12-<18 years, 18-<60 years, and 60+ years) and gender.
The investigators identified controls for the study using sequential digit dialing. Exposure information among cases was collected for the 7 days before onset of illness. For controls, exposure information was collected for the 7 days before the interview and for the 7 days before the onset of illness in the matching case.
Twenty-seven case-control sets were interviewed; the remaining case-patients could not be reached.
Session Long Project
Please answer these questions:
1 How would you define controls for this study? What methods might be used to identify controls?
2 Do you agree with the investigators' decision to match on age group and gender? Why or why not?
3 Over what time period would you examine exposures to possible risk factors for cases? For controls?
SLP Assignment Expectations
Length: SLP assignments should be at least 2 pages (500 words) in length.
References: At least two references must be included from academic sources (e.g. peer-reviewed journal articles). Required readings are included. Quoted material should not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. When material is copied verbatim from external sources, it MUST be enclosed in quotes. The references should be cited within the text and also listed at the end of the assignment in the References section (APA format recommended).
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question
Format: APA format is recommended for this assignment. See Syllabus page for more information on APA format.
Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted, assignments are expected to adhere to standards guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity.
The following items will be assessed in particular:
1 Achievement of learning objectives for SLP assignment
2 Relevance (e.g. all content is connected to the question)
3 Precision (e.g. specific question is addressed. Statements, facts, and statistics are specific and accurate).
4 Depth of discussion (e.g. present and integrate points that lead to deeper issues)
5 Breadth (e.g. multiple perspectives and references, multiple issues/factors considered)
6 Evidence (e.g. points are well-supported with facts, statistics and references)
7 Logic (e.g. presented discussion makes sense, conclusions are logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information)
8 Clarity (e.g. writing is concise, understandable, and contains sufficient detail or examples)
Objectivity (e.g. avoid use of first person and subjective bias)

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Designing an Epidemiologic Study to Test the Hypothesis
Name
Course: MPH504 Epidemiology MOD 3 SLP
Instructor
Date
1 How would you define controls for this study? What methods might be used to identify controls?
The case-control studies focus on identifying individuals affected (case) and those not affected (controls) by the disease/ condition outbreak. Exposure to an identified factor and measured for each of the two groups. In case when the there are differences in the prevalence of exposure between cases and controls, it can be inferred that exposure influences the occurrence (Rothman, Greenland, & Lash, 2008). The controls are the people without the disease, who exposed to the suspected cause of the outbreak just like the people affected. Hence, the controls stand a risk of developing the disease and exposure to the risk factor just like the cases. The controls should also represent the population of the case to determine how exposure prevalence affects the cases (Rothman, Greenland, & Lash, 2008). It is necessary to assess the exposure data and ensure that the controls do not have the disease. The most common method to identify controls is random digit dialing where people are randomly selected based on their telephone number (Rothman, Greenland, & Lash 2008). Another related method is neighborhood dialing where one can select individuals exposed to the risk factors in a specific neighborhood (Rothman, Greenland, & Lash, 2008). At other times, the family and friends of the patients can suggest other people with similar demographic profiles. For the undefined populations, the control subjects can be from the general medical care clinical or those hospitalized.
2 Do you agree with the investigators' decision to match on age group and gender?
Matching the cases with the control regarding the age group and gender is the right decisions to ensure consistency when comparing the two groups. At other times, the variation in risk exposure could be big when the case and controls are unmatched. The investigators then identify factors that are likely to cause confounding when th...
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