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PHI 100 Introduction to Philosophy Exercise

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PHI 100 – Introduction to Philosophy
Exercise 1
1. What is a valid argument? What is a sound argument? (2 points)
2. Say whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. (1 point each)
(a) 1. If God exists, then this is the best of all possible worlds.
2. This is not the best of all possible worlds.
3. Therefore, God does not exist.
(b) 1. If Manny is a good cook, he can prepare coq au vin.
2. Manny can prepare coq au vin.
3. Therefore, Manny is a good cook.
(c) 1. All dogs are loyal.
2. Some loyal things are loving.
3. Therefore, all dogs are loving.
3. Say, in no more than 2 sentences, what is wrong with the following argument. (2 points)
“Thoughts are not part of the physical world, since thoughts are by their nature non-physical.”
4. Give an example (of your own) of a necessary condition, and an example (of your own) of a sufficient condition. (1 point each)
5. Why does Socrates think that a definition which states only the necessary and sufficient conditions for F is an inadequate definition of F? Limit your answer no more than 3 sentences. (5 points)
6. What is the definition of piety that Socrates and Euthyphro examine at 9d–11b, and what does Socrates think about it? Limit your answer to no more than 4 sentences. (6 points)
Explain why the following argument is valid. (4 points)
1. Today is Tuesday
2. Therefore, 2 + 2 = 4

Coursework Sample Content Preview:

PHI 100 – Introduction to Philosophy Exercise 1
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PHI 100 – Introduction to Philosophy Exercise 1
1 What is a valid argument? What is a sound argument?
A valid argument is one whereby if the premises of the argument are true then it follows that the conclusion of said argument must also be true. On the other hand, a sound argument is essentially an argument that is valid and which is further made up of true premises.
2 Say whether the following arguments are valid or invalid.
* 1. If God exists, then this is the best of all possible worlds.
2. This is not the best of all possible worlds.
3. Therefore, God does not exist.
This argument is invalid because if the premises in question are taken to be true, the conclusion does not hold true as well. The second premise, in particular, exhibits dissonance with the first premise and renders the conclusion to be false.
* 1. If Manny is a good cook, he can prepare coq au vin.
2. Manny can prepare coq au vin.
3. Therefore, Manny is a good cook.
This argument is also valid, and in addition to this it is also sound. All the premises of the argument when taken to be true render the conclusion to be also true, which makes the argument valid. The fact that all premises are true makes this argument sound as well.
* 1. All dogs are loyal.
2. Some loyal things are loving.
3. Therefore, all dogs are loving.
This argument is invalid. This is because the premises on which the argument is structured are not all true, which essentially renders the conclusion to be false as well. By this measure, this argument is invalid because it does not hold true.
3 Say, in no more ...
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