PICO Analysis of Dementia, Delirium, and Depression

Assignment: Application – PICO Analysis of Dementia, Delirium, and Depression
A PICO analysis is used to pose a focused clinical question to which you find appropriate evidence-based answers. The PICO question should include the patient or population (P), anticipated intervention (I), comparison group or current standard (C), and outcome desired (O). In this Assignment, you develop a question related to dementia, delirium, or depression. Through your PICO analysis, you explore various resources and examine current evidence to answer the question you develop.
To prepare:
Select one of the following disorders as your topic: dementia, delirium, or depression.
Review the guidelines in the “Literature Review Matrix” document in this week’s Learning Resources.
Think about a research question around your issue as indicated in Part I: PICO Analysis of Research Topic.
Consider the resources you will use, search terms and criteria, and Boolean search strings as indicated in Part II: Search Strategy.
Using the Walden Library and other appropriate databases, locate five articles related to your PICO question. At least one article must be a systematic review. All of the articles should be primary sources.
Reflect on the five articles you selected as indicated in Part III: Analysis of Literature. Consider the conceptual framework/theory, main finding, research method, strengths of study, weaknesses, and level of evidence for each article.
Consider how to use the summaries in Part III to create an evidence table. Use this evidence table to determine appropriate treatment options for patients who present with the disorder you selected as your topic.
To complete:
Formulate a question around the disorder you selected as indicated in Part I: PICO Analysis of Research Topic.
Identify the resources you will use, search terms and criteria, and Boolean search strings as indicated in Part II: Search Strategy.
Summarize the five articles you selected as indicated in Part III: Analysis of Literature. Describe the conceptual framework/theory, main finding, research method, strengths of study, weaknesses, and level of evidence for each article.
Create an evidence table based on the article summaries in Part III. Describe appropriate treatment options for patients based on this evidence table.
Resource:
Resnick, B. (Ed.). (2019). Geriatric nursing review syllabus: A core curriculum in advanced practice geriatric nursing (6th ed.). New York, NY: American Geriatrics Society.

• Chapter 37, “Dementia” (pp. 272-283)
This chapter examines the epidemiology and societal impact of dementia. It also presents guidelines for assessing, diagnosing, treating, and managing dementia in addition to providing pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options.

• Chapter 38, “Behavioral Problems in Dementia” (pp. 284-293)
This chapter explores clinical features of behavioral and psychologic symptoms related to dementia, as well as guidelines for assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment. It also examines treatment for mood disturbances, manic-like behaviors, delusions and hallucinations, disturbances of sleep, hypersexuality, and intermittent aggression or agitation.

• Chapter 39, “Delirium” (pp. 294-303)
This chapter explores the spectrum of delirium, including the incidence and prognosis, risk factors, and diagnostic criteria for delirium. It also presents guidelines for diagnosing, treating, and managing patients with delirium, including pharmacologic therapy and drugs to reduce or eliminate as part of delirium management.

• Chapter 41, “Depression and Other Mood Disorders” (pp. 316-324)
This chapter explores treatment strategies for depression and other mood disorders affecting older adults. It examines types of pharmacotherapy, antidepressants, as well as other treatment options, such as electroconvulsive therapy and psychosocial interventions.
Holroyd-Leduc, J., & Reddy, M. (Eds.). (2012). Evidence-based geriatric medicine: A practical clinical guide. Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell Publishing.

• Chapter 6, “Clarifying Confusion: Preventing and Managing Delirium” (pp. 65–72)
This chapter examines strategies for screening, prevention, and management of delirium among older adults in hospital settings.

• Chapter 7, “Preserving the Memories: Managing Dementia” (pp. 73–93)
This chapter examines dementia risk factors and screening tools for dementia. It also presents strategies for managing patients with dementia, focusing on pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments.

• Chapter 8, “Enjoying the Golden Years: Diagnosing and Treating Depression” (pp. 94–104)
This chapter defines depression and identifies causes and risk factors that make older adults more susceptible to depression. It also examines treatment options for managing older adults with depression.
Document: Literature Review Matrix (Word document)
Required Media
Alzheimer’s Association. (n.d.). Inside the brain: A tour of how the mind works [Multimedia file]. Retrieved August 1, 2014, from http://www(dot)alz(dot)org/braintour/3_main_parts.asp

This website provides an overview of the structure and function of the brain and explores how Alzheimer’s disease changes the brain.

Part I: PICO Analysis of Research Topic

P: Patient or Population

I: Anticipated Intervention

C: Comparison group or Current standard

O: Outcome desired

Source: Adapted from Elkins (2010)

Step 1: Frame your clinical question using the PICO method.

P:

I:

C:

O:

Part II: Search Strategy

Using the Walden Library and other appropriate databases, locate five scholarly articles that pertain to a practice issue of interest to you and that is appropriate for an evidence-based practice project.

Step 1: Identify the resources you will utilize, or utilized, to find articles that pertain to your topic.

Step 2: Identify search terms and criteria.

Step 3: Identify Boolean search strings.

Part III: Analysis of Literature

Step 1: Summarize the five articles you select from your search efforts in the table below.

Summary Table of Analyzed Articles (you may determine your own headings)

Step 2: Briefly summarize the history and purpose of your research question.

Step 3: Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the existing literature.

Step 4: What gap exists in the current literature? Explain.

Elkins, M. Y. (2010). Using PICO and the brief report to answer clinical questions. Nursing, 40(4), 59–60.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.