Antenatal Hydronephrosis and Neurogenic Bladder and Reflex Incontinence

Urinary Disorders
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Medical Disorders
Pathophysiology of Antenatal Hydronephrosis
Antenatal hydronephrosis refers to the swelling and stretching of kidneys in unborn babies during pregnancy due to the buildup of urine. This may be due to the increased production of urine in the late stages of pregnancy or the blockage of ureters that are responsible for urine drainage. Further, it may be caused by a partial blockage in the urinary tract or vesicoureteral reflux leading to backflow of urine to the kidney (Yalçınkaya& Özçakar, 2020). While antenatal hydronephrosis may not show symptoms, it can be diagnosed through prenatal ultrasound imaging or during early infancy testing.
Mechanisms Responsible for Neurogenic Bladder and Reflex Incontinence
* Neurogenic bladder
Neurogenic bladder due to spinal injuries leads to a lack of control of the bladder resulting in increased frequency and urinary retention. This is because of interruptions in the nerves responsible for transmitting messages from the brain to the bladde...