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Essay Available:
Pages:
5 pages/≈1375 words
Sources:
Check Instructions
Style:
APA
Subject:
Creative Writing
Type:
Case Study
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 20.25
Topic:

Human Intelligence in United States

Case Study Instructions:

Within INTL 501 you are required to design a line of research around a topic relevant to this course. Throughout this project you will use the concepts discussed within this course to assess the topic you address within your case study. We will use the iRubric to evaluate your work.
You will carry out your research project in three stages:
Assignment 2: Literature Review (5-6 pages) - worth 25% of your course grade
As you work through each of the assignments you'll find that some of the components of assignments 1 and 2 can be utilized within your final research paper. This is done so that you may utilize the feedback you've received and incorporate any recommended changes/revisions.
Assignment 2: Literature Review
The second component of this research project is a literature review. Your literature review should be 5-6 pages (not including your title and references page) and should synthesize the body of literature that is important to your case study.
All research projects include a literature review to set out for the reader what knowledge exists on the subject under study and to demonstrate how the study being conducted with help fill current knowledge gaps. A good literature review is a thoughtful synthesis of important information that pertains to the current study. Literature reviews are arranged thematically, and typically reference more than one source within each paragraph. At the end of your literature review, you should discuss some of the clear gaps in knowledge and explain how your research will help fill this void and further our knowledge of the subject under investigation.
Developing a clear and concise literature review can be challenging. For this reason it will be important for you to review the following documents: 1) literature review tip sheet and 2) synthesis matrix. Together these documents will give you everything you need to carry out a successful literature review.
How many sources should I review?
This is a common question asked by students. Essentially the key to an excellent research paper is the research that helps back up its arguments. While this might be an unsatisfactory answer for those in need of a clear "magic number" a few additional observations can be made. Students writing a course paper 15-20 pages in length should expect to cite 15-30 peer-reviewed sources within their papers. Though in order to get to this point they should expect to read 25-50 peer-reviewed sources. For this assignment you should have 8-10 or more scholarly sources.
Format: Your literature review should include a title page, body, and reference page. Your paper should have 1-inch borders on all four sides, use times new roman-12 point font, be double spaced, and not have an extra space in between paragraphs. (You may need to turn this off in MS word by going to paragraph and selecting "Don't add space between paragraphs of the same style). Since this is an INTL course you need to use the Chicago citation style with a references page.
The literature review must be submitted as a Word Document Attachment in the Assignments section of the classroom by Sunday, 11:55pm EST at the end of week 5.
In addition to this guidance you have also been provided with a grading rubric, a synthesis matrix to help you take notes as you read, a journal article with a clearly marked "literature review" section to help you see how this section is written in terms of tone and style, and a formatting guide for your paper (something you'll also be able to use for your final case study assignment.)

Case Study Sample Content Preview:

Literature Review
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The origins of human intelligence in the United States can be traced to the early years of the republic when George Washington was the Continental Army commander. Nevertheless, intelligence communities began to professionalize in the early years of the Cold War era when the fear of nuclear annihilation consumed both the Soviet Union and the United States. The controversies surrounding spies during the Cold War and the recent application of mass surveillance techniques have created unprecedented ethical concerns about the role of human intelligence, especially in democratic states. The resulting debate has been dominated by opposing perspectives, especially from civil rights groups, which argue that intelligence gathering is unethical because it involves threats, manipulation, deception, and lies (Hartwig, 2016). However, governments worldwide express their views using phrases such as, "it is wrong but not sufficiently wrong to be considered unethical or immoral" (Murphy, 2016). Since human intelligence is essential to governments worldwide, it is imperative to obtain a more coherent and comprehensive insight into the link between ethics and intelligence.
The literature on whether human intelligence is ethical or unethical can be classified into two groups. The first group of scholars asserts that even without the use of research, human intelligence is unethical because the term "human intelligence" contradicts the term "ethics" (Nunan et al., 2020). This perception originates from the belief that secrecy, which is a necessity for intelligence, makes it immensely challenging to comprehend human intelligence officers' precise duties. The second group, which is primarily made up of former and active security experts, argues that "there is simply no place for ethics in intelligence" because it determines the state of national and international security (Holzgrefe and Keohane, 2003). This view has resulted in the notion that "human intelligence is not an issue, it never was, and it will never be as long as governments want real spy services." Proponents of human intelligence, such as security experts, also support studies that have concluded that human intelligence cannot be categorized as black or white.
Studies that conclude that human intelligence is unethical link their findings to virtues that define intelligence officers' responsibilities. Human intelligence poses questions for criminal and civil law whether the current legal frameworks apply the decision in regards to human Intelligence. Some of the legal issues include misconduct, theft, or fraud. By nature, human intelligence is rooted in numerous central ethical values, such as identifying facts, revealing the truth, and practicing loyalty. In human intelligence, ethics are developed on the idea that people are supposed to monitor and check the outcomes of a certain technology. This will enable them to understand its behavior and ensure it does not violate the moral compass of human beings. Lawmakers rely on that truth and facts to make informed decisions and a precise portrayal of a given incidence (Geddes, 2018). Therefore, while gathering information, human intelligence officers must operate within ethic...
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