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Essay Available:
Pages:
4 pages/β‰ˆ1100 words
Sources:
1 Source
Style:
APA
Subject:
Health, Medicine, Nursing
Type:
Term Paper
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 20.74
Topic:

Basic Principles of Pharmacology and the Seven Drug Rights

Term Paper Instructions:

SCENARIO
Mary K. Emerson is a patient at Felder Community Hospital. She was admitted six days ago due to a diabetic episode and an upper respiratory infection that left her unresponsive at work. She was admitted to the ICU, and medical staff attempted to stabilize her condition. Unfortunately, there were some problems with her care due to the wrong information being entered into the patient’s medication record in her chart.
When the nursing staff was trying to update her medications from a previous admission, they chose Mary J. Emerson, who was also a patient admitted around the same time to another unit, instead of the current patient, Mary K. Emerson. To treat Mary K. Emerson’s respiratory infection, penicillin was ordered based on Mary J. Emerson’s chart that showed no known allergies. Mary K. was given the penicillin but was found to have an extreme allergy, which sent her into acute respiratory distress. The penicillin was administered and documented on Mary J. Emerson’s chart before the clinical staff noticed the error.
As Mary K. remained in the ICU and drifted in and out of consciousness, clinical staff tried to make sure she remained on schedule with her medications. On two noted occasions, the scheduled dose of 30 units of insulin that was to be administered subcutaneously with meals was delayed during the shift. On a separate occasion, the nurse tech drew up 40 units to be administered intramuscularly instead of the prescribed subcutaneous route. This resulted in the incorrect angle and depth of the injection used for the prescribed insulin.
On the fifth day of her admission, Mary K. was exhausted from the testing and medication changes. When the nurse came in to administer her scheduled dose of insulin, she stated “Please, no more meds!”
REQUIREMENTS
A. Discuss the basic principles of pharmacology by doing the following:
1. Discuss the four stages of the drug cycle.
2. Discuss the physiological factors involved in drug absorption and drug distribution.
3. Discuss the difference between a side effect, a contraindication, and an adverse reaction to a medication.
a. Provide an example of a side effect, a contraindication, and an adverse reaction to a medication.
B. Using the scenario, discuss the seven drug rights that should be checked when auditing documentation for a patient encounter by doing the following:
1. Describe how each of the seven drug rights were violated in the scenario.
2. Discuss the process an HIM professional would need to take to report the violations in the scenario to the appropriate internal party.
C. Explain the roles of OSHA, the FDA, and the DEA in enforcing the Controlled Substances Act.
D. Acknowledge sources, using APA-formatted in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.
E. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.

Term Paper Sample Content Preview:

Pharmacology Scenario
Name
Institutional Affiliate
Pharmacology Scenario Four Stages of Drug Cycle Pharmacology is characteristic of basic principles that describe how medicine interacts with the body by showing how the body responds to the medication and the changes occurring over time. Pharmacokinetics is one of the key areas in pharmacology that outlines the four stages of the drug cycle in a medicine’s interaction with the body. The four stages of the drug cycle include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (Beckwith, 2011). Absorption refers to how the drug or medicine is administered into the bloodstream and includes oral, transdermal, sublingual, rectal, intravenous, and inhalational administration. In oral administration, the medicine is taken via the mouth in the form of a tablet or syrup, where it enters the liver and general blood circulation upon absorption from the stomach or intestine. Sublingual administration also occurs through the mouth, but the drug dissolves under the tongue for fast and convenient absorption into the bloodstream through the mucous membrane (Beckwith, 2011). Absorption for a drug or medicine contained in a patch, such as nicotine, occurs through the skin in transdermal administration for a continuous dosage occurring over a long time. Rectal administration allows for the absorption of the medicine into the bloodstream through the mucosa, with the medicine administered into the rectum (Beckwith, 2011). Some drugs are also absorbed into the bloodstream through the lung tissues upon inhalation. The intravenous and subcutaneous drug administration offers faster absorption into the bloodstream through the gastrointestinal system. Physiological Factors Involved In Drug Absorption and Distribution The physiological factors involved in drug absorption and distribution in the body can be classified into drug-specific and patient-specific factors. Patient-specific or physiological factors affecting drug absorption and distribution include age, the status of the disease, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, blood flow at the absorption site, GI content, and pre-systemic metabolism (Beckwith, 2011). For instance, severely ill patients may have a decreased blood flow to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract leading to reduced drug absorption and distribution (Beckwith, 2011). The physiological changes that occur in the body with age also affect the rate of drug absorption and distribution in the body, with young patients having higher drug absorption and distribution rates. Food content also affects the drug absorption and distribution of drugs, especially orally administered medicine, by either increasing or decreasing the rate of absorption and distribution. For instance, lipid-containing food enhances the absorption and distribution of albendazole. It is important to note that a higher rate of drug absorption and distribution occurs through the intestinal mucosa due to the increased surface area provided by the villi and microvilli in the duodenal mucosa (Ortiz, 2022). Difference between Side Effects, Contraindications, and Adverse Reaction             Medicines may have diverse effe...
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