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3 pages/≈825 words
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Style:
APA
Subject:
Business & Marketing
Type:
Statistics Project
Language:
English (U.S.)
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MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 15.55
Topic:

Independent Sample T-test and the Null Hypothesis

Statistics Project Instructions:

Part A (40 marks)
With the data collected, Dr Tian ran a test to see if there was a significant difference in the mean of X (a factor affecting the continued usage of e-learning communication) between male and female students.
i) Suggest the test that should be used and explain your reason.
State the independent and dependent variables, underlying null and alternative hypotheses.
(8 marks)
SPSS Output
Group Statistics
Sample
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
X
Male
15
4.66
1.676
.433
Female
15
3.63
1.008
.260

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
Preference Before Visiting
Equal variances assumed
5.63
.0w
2.046
28
.049
1.033
.505
-.001
2.068
Equal variances not assumed
2.046
22.959
.052
1.033
.505
-.012
2.078
[Important Note: w=the 7th digit of your student ID. E.g. s1234576. So, w=6]
ii)
Interpret the result and explain whether there is a significant gender difference.
(12 marks)
iii)
Based on the result and the choice of your X, suggest whether Dr Tian should use two different ways to motivate male and female students to use e-learning communication, respectively.
(20 marks)
Part B (60 marks)
In a pretest, data was obtained from 120 students on their satisfaction toward e-learning on a 7-point scale where 1 = Very Unfavourable and 7 = Very Favourable. The respondents also provided the rating for whether they agree their teacher have the following quality or not: 1) Variable “A” (1 = Strongly Agree, 7 = Strongly Disagree), 2) Variable “B” (1 = Strongly Agree, 7 = Strongly Disagree), and 3) Variable “C” (1 = Strongly Agree, 7 = Strongly Disagree).
Variable “A”, “B” and “C” depends on the 4th , 5th and 6th numerical value of your student ID.
The value of the 4th digital of your Student ID
e.g. s1243657
Variable “A”
0 or 4 or 8
Use humor in teaching
1 or 5 or 9
Good knowledge
2 or 6
Care for students
3 or 7
Use interactive activities

The value of the 5th digital of your Student ID
e.g. s1243657
Variable “B”
0 or 3 or 6 or 9
Give a lot of assignments
1 or 4 or 7
Check for attendance
2 or 5 or 8
Check for progress

The value of the 6th digital of your Student ID
e.g. s1243657
Variable “C”
0 or 4 or 8
Follow guidelines
1 or 5 or 9
Good communication skills
2 or 6
High passing rate
3 or 7
Good technology skills



For example, for student ID s1243657, the 4th digital of s1243657 is “3”, therefore variable “A” is “Use interactive activities”; the 5th digital of s1243657 is “6”, therefore variable “B” is “Give a lot of assignments”; the 6th digital of s1243657 is “5”, therefore variable “C” is “Good communication skills

With the data collected, Dr Tian ran a test to see if there were significant relationships between A, B, C and satisfaction toward e-learning.

i)
Suggest the test that should be used and explain your reason.
State the independent and dependent variables, underlying null and alternative hypotheses.
(8 marks)


The following SPSS output has been generated for you.


Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
Adjusted R Square
Std. Error of the Estimate
1
.513a
.263
.244
1.26364
a. Predictors: (Constant), A, B , C

ANOVAa
Model
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
1
Regression
66.240
3
22.080
13.828
.000b

Residual
185.227
116
1.597



Total
251.467
119



a. Dependent Variable: Satisfaction toward e-learning
b. Predictors: (Constant), A, B , C

Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized Coefficients
t
Sig.

B
Std. Error
Beta


1
(Constant)
2.153
.456

4.724
.000

A
.439
.074
.490
5.904
.000

B
-.147
.072
-.172
-2.059
.042

C
.145
.084
.143
1.740
.085
a. Dependent Variable: Satisfaction toward e-learning

ii)
Interpret the result and provide insightful remarks.
(22 marks)



iii)
Based on the result, suggest what Dr Tian should do to increase students’ satisfaction toward e-learning.
(30 marks)
1. Define marketing research and justify its importance in business firms.
2. Plan the research process and collaborate with others in developing a research proposal.
3. Select and apply appropriate techniques in data collection and analysis.
4. Synthesize research findings and then formulate recommendations to solving business problems.

The values required in part B（A:6 B:1 C:3）

Statistics Project Sample Content Preview:

Business and Marketing
Student's Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
MKT B362F Marketing Research
Spring Term 2021
Assignment 3 – SPSS Exercise
Part A(i)
The test that Dr. Tian should use in determining the significant difference in the mean of X between the female and male students is the t-test for the equality of the standards. The reason for using this test is that it is helpful in the determination of two population means, which are equivalent. A t-test helps determine the difference in standard between the male and the female students. It relates to a two-tailed test, for which a t-test for two population means, with two independent samples, with unknown population standard deviations will be used.
The independent-sample t-test is utilized because all the samples are independent. As such, both females and males are independent variables. The independent variable is determining the difference in mean of X between the male and the female students. In contrast, the dependent variables are the factors affecting the continued usage of e-learning communication.
The null hypothesis is that there is no significant difference in X between the male and female students. The alternative idea would be that the male students are more motivated to use the online e-learning platform than the female students on their averages.
Part A(ii)
Levene's test indicates that the variances are equivalent across the two samples, the probability value is significant. Equal variances are assumed when the results are carefully looked into for the independent sample t-test. If Levene's test for the variances is not comparable across the samples, the probability value is slight. Equal variances are not assumed when the results of the independent sample t-test are observed. The difference in the two-row outputs mainly depends on how the particular sample t-test statistic is calculated. Based on the data provided, the significance level is 0.05, while the test is two-tailed. As such, the probability value is 0.0509. Since the probability value is greater than the significance level value, we fail to reject the null hypothesis, indicating no significant evidence that there is a significant gender difference.
Part A(iii)
Dr Tian should use two different ways to motivate both the male and female students to use the e learning communication platform because the independent sample test utilized each give varying results. The mean difference of the two population samples indicates that the male students are more likely to utilize the e learning platform as compared to the female students due to the male ones having a higher mean as compared to the female ones. Finding the test statistics. We assume that the variances of the population are equivalent, the t-statistic is computed as follows:t = x⎯⎯1 − x⎯⎯2(n1−1)s21 + (n2−1)s22(n1 + n2 − 2) (1n1 + 1n2)√t = 4.66 − 3.63(15−1) × 1.6762 + (15−1) × 1.0082(15 +15 −2)× (115 + 115)√t = 2.04t = x¯1 - x¯2(n1-1)s12 + ...
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