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Research Paper
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Topic:

Signs and Symptoms, Diagnoses, and Treatment for Intellectual Disability

Research Paper Instructions:

Assignment: Study Guide Forum
Abnormal brain development or damage at an early age can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. Within this group of disorders, some are resolvable with appropriate and timely interventions, either pharmacological or nonpharmacological, while other disorders are chronic and need to be managed throughout the lifespan.
For this Assignment, you will develop a study guide for an assigned disorder and share it with your colleagues. In sum, these study guides will be a powerful tool in preparing for your certification exam.
Photo Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto
To Prepare
Your Instructor will assign you to a specific neurodevelopmental disorder from the DSM-5.
Research your assigned disorder using the Walden Library. Then, develop an organizational scheme for the important information about the disorder.
The Assignment
Create a study guide for your assigned disorder. Your study guide should be in the form of an outline with references, and you should incorporate visual elements such as concept maps, charts, diagrams, images, color coding, mnemonics, and/or flashcards. Be creative! It should not be in the format of an APA paper. Your guide should be informed by the DSM-5 but also supported by at least three other scholarly resources.
Areas of importance you should address, but are not limited to, are:
Signs and symptoms according to the DSM-5
Differential diagnoses
Incidence
Development and course
Prognosis
Considerations related to culture, gender, age
Pharmacological treatments, including any side effects
Nonpharmacological treatments
Diagnostics and labs
Comorbidities
Legal and ethical considerations
Pertinent patient education considerations
By Day 7 of Week 8
Submit your Assignment to the forum as an attachment. Although no responses are required, collegial discussion is welcome. You are encouraged to utilize your peers’ submitted guides on their assigned neurodevelopmental disorders for study.
Learning Resources
Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)
Hilt, R. J., & Nussbaum, A. M. (2016). DSM-5 pocket guide for child and adolescent mental health. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
Chapter 12, “Developmental Milestones”
Thapar, A., Pine, D. S., Leckman, J. F., Scott, S., Snowling, M. J., & Taylor, E. A. (2015). Rutter’s child and adolescent psychiatry (6th ed.). Wiley Blackwell.
Chapter 51, “Autism Spectrum Disorder”
Chapter 55, “ADHD and Hyperkinetic Disorder”
Utah State University. (n.d.). Creating study guides. https://www(dot)usu(dot)edu/academic-support/test/creating_study_guides
Success strategies: Self-paced interactive tutorials. https://academicguides(dot)waldenu(dot)edu/academic-skills-center/skills/tutorials/success-strategies
Zakhari, R. (2020). The psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner certification review manual. Springer.
Chapter 13, “Child/Adolescent Neurodevelopmental Disorders”
Required Media (click to expand/reduce)
Dillon, K. (2019, March 23). DSM-5 neurodevelopmental disorders. [Video]. YouTube. https://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=Jx4GuyX5Sgc
The National Center for Learning Disabilities. (2013, February 20). What is ADHD? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu(dot)be/0Wz7LdLFJVM
Osmosis. (2017, October 17). Autism – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu(dot)be/x2hWVgZ8J4A
The neurodevelopmental disorder assigned is.... Intellectual Disability

Research Paper Sample Content Preview:
Assignment: Study Guide Forum
Name
Department
Course
Instructor
Due Date Assignment: Study Guide Forum Background The neurodevelopmental disorder is an intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder), representing significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior in the conceptual, social, and practical domains. Summary of Evaluation and Treatment Signs and symptoms according to the DSM-5
  • Deficits in intellectual functioning—"reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience"—confirmed by clinical evaluation and individualized standard IQ testing 
  • Deficits in adaptive functioning that significantly hamper conforming to developmental and sociocultural standards for the individual's independence and ability to meet their social responsibility; and
  • The onset of these deficits during childhood (APA, 2013)
 Differential diagnoses The three criteria for determining intellectual disability are first used to evaluate the disability. It is necessary to consider major and mild neurocognitive disorders, communication disorders, specific learning disorders, or specific learning disorders, autism spectrum disorders (APA, 2013).
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder 
  • Borderline intellectual functioning ·
  • Cognitive Deficits 
Incidence  It is estimated up to 6.5 million people have some form of intellectual disability in the US, but 85% have a mild form of intellectual disability, and about six out of 1,000 are affected (Detroit Behavioral Institute, 2021). Development and course The onset of intellectual disability is in the developmental period, and severity depends on brain dysfunction. As early as two years, delays in social and motor milestones are identifiable when there is a severe disability and mild intellectual disability. Some delays can be identified in the early stages of schooling. Physical appearance disorders such as Down syndrome and behaviors indicating genetic disorders can also be detected. At times disability can be sudden such as after head trauma or meningitis and even loss of acquired cognitive skills. It is necessary to consider genetic disorders, co-occurring conditions, and environmental factors when evaluating intellectual disability.  Prognosis While intellectual disability is incurable, prognosis requires evaluating an individual's emotional wellbeing of the individual as a parameter (Boat & Wu, 2015). After diagnosis, it is necessary to ask questions about future expectations as part of the assessment. Parents who accept diagnosis are more likely to facilitate adjustment and provide a supportive environment and modification mild or moderate cognitive disability. Considerations related to culture, gender, and age Researchers have reported that men are more likely to be diagnosed...
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