Tetrachloroethane: The Chemical Structures, Occurrence

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1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
This is a compound that is a derivative of ethane, which is relative to the structure is chlorinated. Structurally, this is a compound that is formed of three main elements, carbon, hydrogen and chlorine (INCHEM). There are two carbon atoms on the structure of the compound and they form the basic structure (U.S. Geological Survey). These are then joined to two hydrogen atoms and four chlorine atoms. The chemical formula of the compound is written as follows, C2H2Cl4 or CHCl2CHCl2 (Sigma-Aldrich). By mass relative to the atoms on the structure of the compound, it comes to 167.838 g/mol. The density of the compound is estimated at 1.59g/cm3 and a boiling point at 146.7 Celsius.
Fig 1 of 1 (Pubchem)
This is one of the highest solvent and is classified under hydrocarbons relative to the carbon and hydrogen n the structure (Pubchem). The compound tends to enter the atmosphere as an emission and in most of the cases it is quite stable. Ideally, in this state, it has a half-life of an estimated two years. Relative to the fact that it is a strong solvent it has been detected in quite number of places (1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE). This include the ambient air, in drinking water, ambient water, within ground water, in wastewater and even in soil. According to Pubchem, there has been traces of the compound that have been detected in the polluted wells and basically wells that are located within the urban centers (Pubchem). Though not quantified, the compound is also common in the ground water found in the golf courses. Where there are industrial disposal sites, the compound has been found to be quite significantly concentrated. It is this concentrated water that then sips into the ground water and in some of the cases the drinking water that is then consumed by the populations around the areas of detection (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). There was also some element of occurrence found in the surface water, much which could explain the occurrences in water sources such rivers and lakes. The occurrences found in the soils were mostly in the vicinity of dumping sites. This is specifically, there were disposal sites associated with industrial wastes. According to Pubchem, much of the highest concentrations were found near the disposal site ran by Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corp, on the Love Canal in New York (Pubchem).
‘URBAN/SUBURBAN: In a study of 853 US sites a median concentration of 5.4 parts per trillion of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was observed. In this study 25% of samples exceed 8.9 parts per trillion and the maximum concentration was 4,800 parts per trillion. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was not detected in >25% of samples(1). 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane was detected in major US cities with an average concentration of a trace to 57 ppb(2-6). 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloromethane was found in Minnesota air samples taken at various locations; out of 2,507 sites, a median concentration of 0.03 ug/cu m was recorded and a maximum concentration of 6.87 ug/cu m was detected(7). The compound was detected in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 9.4 ppb in urban atmospheres in Japan(8). Analysis of outdoor air at 75 residential home...