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Essay Available:
Pages:
7 pages/β‰ˆ1925 words
Sources:
8 Sources
Style:
MLA
Subject:
Education
Type:
Research Paper
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 33.26
Topic:

Police Reforms in the Wake of George Floyd Killing by the Police

Research Paper Instructions:

I have attached the requirements and the outline you need to follow. Use the 4 sources provided and add 4 more from you.

Essay 2 is a research paper focused on one of the topics listed at the end of this document. The paper will be built in stages, with a proposal, an annotated bibliography, and an outline leading to the final research paper.

1. Research Proposal (5 points): Students begin by submitting a proposal in Canvas that identifies the research question and topic. An initial source may be required as part of the proposal; details will be posted to Canvas.

2. Annotated Bibliography (50 points): Reliable sources (including at least 2 peer reviewed sources) will be annotated in Canvas before you can begin organizing and drafting your paper. A minimum of 8 sources should be annotated (again, 2 or more of those should be peer reviewed).

3. Outline (20 points): Once sources are determined and the topic has been thoroughly researched, students will create an outline that maps the shape of their essay.

4. Research Paper in MLA format (200 points): Using a classical rhetorical structure and appropriate rhetorical schemes and tropes, as shown in the textbook, you’ll create a well-focused thesis statement drawn from evidence (in-depth research) in 1,500-2,500 words

This assignment addresses each of the course outcomes for ENGL 102:

1. Apply ENGL&101 writing process skills to develop an extensive research-based essay.

2. Analyze a variety of complex texts.

3. Demonstrate critical thinking and communication skills in interactive discussions.

4. Use information from published print and electronic sources.

5. Evaluate primary and secondary print and electronic sources to be used in a documented essay.

6. Compose a research-based essay that supports a well-developed thesis.

7. Demonstrate accurate use of MLA or APA citation format.

8. Demonstrate academic integrity and avoid plagiarism.

9. Apply technology associated with the course.

Topics

Students may choose from one of the following topics. Research should begin by pursuing one of the questions below the selected topic.

Green Energy

Question 1: What specific policies does Congress need to enact (or change) to promote the use of more sustainable energy in the future, and how has Congress guided (or failed to guide) the country in that direction to date?

Question 2: Representative Dan Newhouse (R-WA) is fighting to maintain hydroelectric dams in the state, while leaders from indigenous tribes are advocating for the removal of several dams to help sustain a shrinking salmon population. What’s the best approach to hydroelectric power, free flowing rivers, and the future of dams in Washington? (Rep. Mike Simpson from Idaho has a compromise proposed that should be researched as well.)

Democratic Representation in the United States

Question 1: In recent years, there has been increased debate over the role of the electoral college in electing a United States President. Should the electoral college be abolished? Why, why not?

Question 2: The United States Senate allows for two Senators from each state, but in recent years that, too, has been called to question due to disparate representation under this system. (California has 39 million people. Wyoming has 579,000 people. Both states are allowed two Senators.) Is this equitable? If so, why, and if not, how should the Senate be reconfigured, according to research?

Question 3: Political districts have been shaped by something called “gerrymandering” in all 50 states. What are the effects of gerrymandering, and how should the issue be addressed moving forward? (Students can focus on one state or district, or the issue at large.)

Criminal Justice in the United States

Question 1: The United States has roughly 2.4 million people incarcerated in the United States. It is estimated that between 3 and 10 percent of all convictions are wrongful convictions, sending an innocent person to prison or jail. Furthermore, BIPoC communities are disproportionately incarcerated and wrongfully convicted. How do we reduce these numbers to ensure that innocent people do not serve time? What steps must be taken and by what agencies/governing bodies?

Question 2: Police reform efforts have taken place across the country following the public killing of George Floyd and other citizens. What efforts have your local police departments made, and why? To what effect? What do experts say about how to best reform police departments? (Research should include perspectives from within and outside of law enforcement, of course.)

Poverty in the United States

Question 1: The covid19 pandemic has reportedly increased the wealth gap in the United States; billionaires have become more wealthy in the past year, while those with lower incomes have, for the most part, seen their incomes drop even further (especially when inflation is factored in). Why has this happened, and how should it be addressed by the government moving forward? (You could focus on state or national government.)

Once you’ve selected your research area and specific question, prepare to submit your proposal and begin building your annotated bibliography! 

Research Paper Sample Content Preview:
Name
Prof
Course
Date
Police Reforms in the Wake of George Floyd Killing by the Police
The killing of George Floyd by the police in 2019 marked a watershed moment in the history of policing in the United States. While the killing was a similar occurrence to many other incidences in history, it also occurred when it could be broadcasted to millions around the world. More than ever, the American law enforcement problems became a matter of national and global debate resulting in a movement that called for extensive police reforms, including a call for cuts in budget allocation and changes in how law enforcement is carried out (O'Donnell and O'Kruk). Following the public outcry coupled with the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests, many local legislatures introduced bills to reform police departments and curb police brutality.
In this regard, the current paper seeks to identify and explore New York City's efforts towards these reforms. However, before discussing New York City, the paper lays the ground on how the country has come to this point by looking at history and statistics. The third section focuses on how the police reform movement has spurred changes. In contrast, the fourth section dwells on the fundamental changes within the New York City department. However, while these changes are welcome, especially for minority groups and people of color, their efficacy and long-term outcomes are debatable. To this end, the fifth section of the paper explores some of the arguments people make within and outside law enforcement.
The Emergence of the Police Reform Movement
Calls for police reforms are not a new phenomenon in the United States. Indeed, many of the proposals under consideration, due to public outrage, have encountered deliberate push-back for decades, going as far as the Progressive Era of the 20th century (Lai). Across American history, a push for more police accountability has, more than often, been defeated or turned out to be a mere band-aid solution (Ray and Neily). Police brutality, corruption, and accountability are among the contentious issues that the push for reforms targets. Since this is a historical issue, these problems have always existed within police departments with influence from broader forces such as politics and systemic inequality. The easiest way to map these occurrences is to explore what data says, especially when African Americans are involved.
A Disproportionate Share of Negative Experiences by African Americans
Black people make up 13% of the American population (USCB). Given the difference between this figure and that of White Americans (58%), it would be expected that whites would have a higher rate of interaction with the criminal justice system. However, African Americans face 21% (Harrell and Davis) of police contact and makeup 33% (Haynes) of the people behind bars. Additionally, whites are three times less likely to be killed by the police than African Americans. At a more detailed view, research indicates that black drivers are 20% more likely to be stopped (and two times more likely to be searched) by police than white drivers relative to their respective share of the residential population (Open_Policing). These statistics indicate that policing in the United States is...
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