Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Health, Medicine Paper

Week 2 Assignment CASE STUDY- Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders
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Patient HM has a history of atrial fibrillation and a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and ischemic heart disease.
Age is considered for the patient who has a history of atrial fibrillation and transient ischemic attack (TIA). In older adults with multiple comorbid conditions, various medications with different pharmacological effects are administrated to improve health outcomes. Typically, for the older adults, there are lower as there are multiple comorbidities, reduced elimination and a higher risk of drug-drug interactions. In the case of drug absorption, there is likely reduced intestinal absorption of actively transported agents and first-pass metabolism (Schwartz et al., 2019). Warfarin is an anticoagulant and highly protein-bound drug, which is effective and has few side effects and will be continued to improve health outcomes as there is no risk of bleeding.
Age-related changes affect the metabolism of medications. One of the changes in aging is that there is a decrease in mass and flow hepatic blood, which can decrease the metabolism of drugs, and this is further complicated when there is smoking. Additionally, as people age the risk of drug-drug interactions increases because of changes in absorption, which can alter the action of one or more of the medications. When taking care of the elderly care is exercise when administering drugs such as verapamil, which is a calcium channel blocker, which is associated with higher risk of abnormalities of the cardiac conduction such as atrioventricular AV block complete (Su, Nyi & Li, 2015).
Atenolol is a beta blocker that is used to treat hypertension for the patient, but the medication tends to be less effective for older adults. Diuretics tend to be more effective than the beta-blockers in lowering the blood pressure levels, and at times the beta- blockers are poorly tolerated. Thus, one option would be to change from atenolol to lisinopril (Zestril) an ACE inhibitor, but lisinopril interacts moderately with Glipizide....