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Essay Available:
Pages:
2 pages/β‰ˆ550 words
Sources:
3 Sources
Style:
APA
Subject:
Health, Medicine, Nursing
Type:
Research Paper
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 11.66
Topic:

Patient's Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Processes

Research Paper Instructions:

As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders, it is important to not only understand the impact of disorders on the body, but also the impact of drug treatments on the body. The relationships between drugs and the body can be described by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body.

When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (i.e., diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease.

For this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may alter his or her response to a drug.

To prepare:

  • Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
  • Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug.
  • Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.
  • Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study.

Post a description of the patient case from your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practice from the last 5 years. Then, describe factors that might have influenced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient you identified. Finally, explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case. Be specific and provide examples.

Research Paper Sample Content Preview:

Patient's Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Processes Essay
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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are significant concepts applicable to Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) helping physicians diagnose and treat various disorders. Understanding the interaction between drugs and the body is equally critical when determining suitable medications and ascertaining personalized patient dosages. Such factors specific to patients, like behavior, gender, age, genetics, ethnicity, and changes in pathophysiological as a result of disease, significantly affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics processes. This paper reflects on past experiences on the factors impacting pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics processes in a patient. It also evaluates how APNs may develop individualized care plans to maximize patient care in such settings.
Description of Patient Case
APNs encounter different cases in their clinical practice showing the effect of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics factors on a patient's drug response. I have not been an exception in my five-year practice as I have encountered such cases. For instance, I attended to a 45-year-old male with hypertension last year. Despite administration of antihypertensive medication, this patient presented unconstrained blood pressure. The physician attending to the patient had prescribed a typical antihypertensive drug dosage while considering the general guidelines. However, the patient's response to the drugs failed to align with the intended therapeutic impacts.
Factors That Influenced Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamics Processes of the Patient
While contemplating the pharmacokinetics principles, I evaluated the possible factors that could have influenced the patient's response. Age-related changes, like altered renal and hepatic function, significantly impact drug pharmacokinetics (American Geriatrics Society 2019 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel, 2019). Also, the patient's behavior, such as alcohol consumption, diet, and pathophysiological alterations due to hypertension, fundamentally influences drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021).
Genetic factors are significant factors that influence the drug pharmacodynamics process. Variations in genetic factors could have impacted the patient's medicine metabolism and receptor interactions and thus adversely affecting the safety and efficacy of the drug. In this vein, the APN must appraise the patient's genetic profile depending on the prescribed medications, as there is potential for contradictions. Accordingly, patients' drug reception or medicine metabolism varies depending on their genes. Some medications may have a higher metabolism in specific genes compared to others. Drug Enforcement Administration (n.d.) groups drugs into various categories according to drugs' substance components, metabolism, abuse, and how they influence the ph...
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