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3 pages/≈825 words
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APA
Subject:
Education
Type:
Research Paper
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Prenatal Development Education Research Paper Essay

Research Paper Instructions:

ASSIGNMENT:
Students must choose one (1) of the articles from the list below.
After a selection has been made and the article has been located using the CCBC Library Database, students are to write a multi-paragraph summary based on the different parts of the article (see “Assignment Specifications” for more detailed information).

Choose one (1) article from this list:
All of the articles from the list are retrievable from the CCBC Library Electronic Journal Database. You will need your student ID and password to access the CCBC database.
Prenatal Development
➢ Chen, J.-H. (2012). Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy, birth weight and early behavioral Outcomes. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 47(6), 649.
➢ Grigorenko, E. L., Cicchetti, D., Monk, C., Spicer, J., & Champagne, F. A. (2012). Linking prenatal maternal adversity to developmental outcomes in infants: The role of epigenetic pathways. Development and Psychopathology, 24(4), 1361-1376. —This is the Article per Customer.

ASSIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS:
Your paper should include several paragraphs for each of the following sections. Be certain to follow APA style section heading style and format.
Introduction
An introductory paragraph introduces the reader to the topic of your paper and states the thesis of the research. For the purpose of this assignment, the introductory paragraph should describe the research topic presented within the selected article as well as the main points discussed throughout the article.

Rationale
Trace the logical reasons for this research based upon the findings of previous research. In other words, what prior findings discussed in the selected article led the researchers to the current experiment? For example, if researchers wanted to do a study about a new medication to be given to children, then part of the rationale (e.g. reasoning) might be that no one has researched the medication on children before. Another possibility could be that the medications currently used with children have been found to have serious side effects.
Methods
Describe the subjects, procedures, and measurement tools used in the study.

Results
What were the findings of the researchers? Although you are not expected to interpret advanced statistics, focus on the summative statements in the section.

Discussion/Conclusion
What does the experimental evidence add to the existing knowledge? How did the authors critique their own research? How does these research findings apply or could be applied to personal and professional ethics which may impact people during their lives?

Critical Thinking
In what ways do the research findings fit with the content you have learned in Human Growth and Development? How might the research findings impact people during their lives? How does this research apply/or could be applied to or differ from the local diversity and global perspectives (e.g., parenting styles, sexual expression, relationship patterns, treatment of different age groups, gender roles, death, dying, bereavement, and other human development topics)?

References
Please include the resource/s that you used to write this article summary.


SUBMISSION GUIDELINES

Your instructor will inform you which of the following two formats to use to submit your paper:
1. ONE printed copy and ONE digital copy on blackboard of your paper given to your instructor by the due date. The title page of the digital copy must have both your name and student ID along with the other required APA elements (e.g., page header, page number, title of your paper, course name). On the title page of the second copy, DO NOT include your name, or your instructor’s name, but please be sure to include your Student ID, course number and section along with the other required elements previously noted.

Reminders:
• Be sure that your paper includes at least six paragraphs identifying each of the research elements noted above.
• Obey APA rules for quotations, paraphrases, and citations
• You may not use quotes for more than 20% of your paper.
• Please spell and grammar check your papers.
• Proofread your paper to ensure your sentences make sense.
• Submissions must include a reference page with the article citation.​
• Your paper should be written in American Psychological Association (APA) format. It is not necessary to write an abstract for this assignment. You may access the APA headings link:
• CCBC Library: Citation Basics: APA Style

Research Paper Sample Content Preview:

Assignment
Name
Institution Prenatal Development
Summary of Maternal Alcohol Use During Pregnancy, Birth Weight, and Early Behavioral Outcomes. Alcohol & Alcoholism by Jen-Hen Chen
Introduction
One of the major health concerns during pregnancies is as a result of alcoholism. Many women have admitted to having drunk alcohol at some point during their pregnancies. Research done in the US by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revealed that in the year 2005 one in every eight pregnant women was guilty of drinking alcohol. This raises major health concerns amid several unanswered questions like the effects of drinking on the babies both before and after birth. The emotional, physical, and psychological health of the mother is another thing to question too (O'leary, 2012).
Rationale
Many types of research have been done prior to Chen's to unearth the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol on children. Olson et al (1997) concluded that mild to heavy usage of alcohol during pregnancy affects the mental health and the general behavior of the child. Children born of alcoholic mothers have proved to have different behavioral problems, including criminal behaviors, conduct issues, among others. Jacobson (1999) however admitted that more research is needed for more excellent details on prenatal exposure since the existing work did not clearly describe the side effects of prenatal exposure of alcohol right from mild users to heavy users as well as give apparent side effects on the behaviors. This prompted Chen to work on prenatal exposure to add to the bank of existing knowledge.
Methods
Chen in this study wanted to know the effects that drinking alcohol had on the infant's general behavior, including birth weight when the mother is the drunkard. In his study, he analyzed data from children who were born by women who took part in the United States National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). He analyzed up to 12,386 samples of participants in the NLSY (Chen, 2012). The samples were from women between the ages of 14 years and 21 from the year 1986 to 2000. The sample considered working with children of between 23 months and four years who in total were 1618children. The sibling fixed model method was used to analyze the data. The model is useful in examining the genetics, maternal as well as the social effects when testing possible effects from prenatal exposure of substances like alcohol. The mothers were categorized into three groups; non-alcoholic drinkers, mild to moderate alcoholic users, and finally, the heavy alcoholic drinkers following how frequently they d...
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