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English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Gilligan’s Argument Regarding Kohlberg's Theory

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Please respond to my classmates post.
Please use the course text as a main source.
Course material: Lally, M., & Valentine-French, S. (2017). Lifespan development: A psychological perspective.
M's Post:
Carol Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's theory exhibits gender bias by penalizing women for their sensitive and caring traits while rewarding men for their adherence to abstract principles of justice (Muuss, 1988). Some male theories have even suggested that women's empathy and caring attitudes can be detrimental to their social, legal, political, and economic opportunities. In her critique, Gilligan introduced three levels of moral reasoning: Orientation to Survival, Conventional Care, and Integrated Care (Modern Views of Moral Development | Adolescent Psychology, n.d.).
Gilligan proposed these developmental stages as a significant contribution to revising Kohlberg's theory, asserting that they offer a more valid framework for understanding the moral reasoning of females. It's important to note that Gilligan did not frame these sex differences as inherently "better" or "worse"; instead, she provided different theoretical explanations for understanding the diverse approaches to moral reasoning between genders.
One possible connection that I could relate to Gilligan’s theory with Erikson’s idea about autonomy and intimacy is the sexual dilemmas in young adulthood.
Independence/autonomy.
At the age of 17, I made the conscious decision to voluntarily withdraw from my Form 6 class, which is akin to a two-year pre-diploma course. I took this step without seeking my parents' permission or concern for their approval because I was confident in pursuing my own goals.
No, it has never changed.
My parents never concerned themselves with gender roles, as long as we, their children, were striving for success.
From my perspective, I consistently emphasize to my oldest daughter that she can aspire to be anything, even an astronaut. She has the freedom to pursue any field of interest, and we will wholeheartedly support her. In my belief, there are no job definitions limited to men or women.
No.
References
Modern Views of Moral Development | Adolescent Psychology. (n.d.). Lumen.
Muuss, Rolf E. (1988). Carol Gilligan's theory of sex differences in the development of moral reasoning during adolescence. Adolescence 23(89), pp. 229-243.

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Melista’s Post
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Melista’s Post
Hello M;
I wholeheartedly agree with you when you state that there are no jobs designed for men and women. Interests in professions change as people develop. In their book, Lally and Valentine-French (2017) discuss the lifespan of individuals. I believe that interests in careers develop as children grow. The influences they have around them partly determine the interests they develop. In your post, you have indicated how Carol Gilligan argued against Kohlberg’s theory. Kohlberg argued that development is influenced by the selfish desire to avoid punishment, focusing on group 

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