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1 page/≈275 words
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APA
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Health, Medicine, Nursing
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:

The Research Aims to Analyze the Vaccines' Effectiveness

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Background: Prior studies suggest that parents with limited health literacy (HL) may be less likely to engage in oral health practices known to protect children’s oral health. Earlier work has relied on cross-sectional data, however, so it is unclear whether HL influences parental behavior or is merely correlated with it.

Objective: We sought to clarify the impact of HL on subsequent adherence to parental oral health practices.

Methods: This secondary analysis used survey data from a randomized controlled trial designed to reduce dental decay in American Indian children (N = 579). We used path analysis to test a theoretical framework developed to clarify the mechanisms through which HL might influence parental oral health behavior. The framework proposed that HL (1) has a direct effect on parental oral health knowledge, beliefs (i.e., self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits), and behavior; (2) has an indirect effect on beliefs through knowledge; and (3) has an indirect effect on behavior through knowledge and beliefs. To test expectations regarding the temporal precedence of the constructs, we examined the association of HL at baseline with knowledge at the 12-month time point, beliefs at 24 months, and behavior at 36 months.

Key Results: HL had significant direct effects on knowledge and specific beliefs (i.e., self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers), but not on behavior. HL had significant indirect effects on beliefs—except perceived susceptibility—through knowledge. HL had significant indirect effects on behavior, through knowledge and beliefs. Both HL and knowledge had significant total effects on subsequent parental oral health behavior.

Conclusions: HL-influenced behavior measured 3 years later through its impact on parental oral health knowledge and beliefs. Our results highlight the importance of addressing HL in development of oral health promotion efforts aimed at protecting the teeth of young Native children.

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The Research Aims to Analyze the Vaccines' Effectiveness
Background
In 2019, the world was hit by the Covid-19 pandemic; the pandemic resulted from the escalation of the spread of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To control the global spread of the virus, pharmaceutical companies took on the task of developing viable vaccines. Health organizations in respective countries conducted mass vaccination to protect their citizens' health and the economy (Doroftei et al., 2021). However, the virus has developed variants that have made the development of vaccines difficult and expensive. Questions arise about the efficiency of the different types of vaccines and the duration of the immune response. Available Covid-19 vaccines include Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson and Johnson, Novavax, Oxford AstraZeneca, and Jansen (Sharma et al., 2021).
Objective
The research aims to analyze the vaccines' effectiveness from the initial clinical trial stages to real-life administration. The covid-19 pandemic claimed more than 3000 lives globally, and a lot of research has been put into developing the vaccines (Deplanque & Launay, 2021).
Methods
The study con...
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