Metabolic Dysfunction

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The pathophysiological changes of metabolic dysfunctions include metabolic abnormalities of insulin resistance, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and central obesity. The pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunctions involves acquired and genetic factors that lead to the pathway of inflammation resulting in cardiovascular disease (Oyewande, et al., 2020). Risk factors include eating unhealthy diet and large portion sizes, inadequate quality sleep, which helps to control how the body absorbs nutrients from food, excess smoking and drinking, excessive intake of high calories and lack of physical activities (Ananthy et al, 2022). Visceral adiposity is the major trigger of pathways involved in metabolic health dysfunctions. Chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and neurohormonal activation are the main mechanisms to the development of metabolic health dysfunctions. Abnormal findings of metabolic syndrome include large waist circumference and when the level of blood sugar is high the patient may have signs of diabetes such as frequent urination, fatigue, increased thirst, and blurred vision (Swarup, et al, 2022). Symptoms of metabolic dysfunctions may include lethargy, poor appetite, abdominal pain, vomiting, seizure, breathing problems, weight loss, jaundice, failure to gain weight, developmental delay in children and abnormal (odor, urine, breath, sweat, or saliva) (Dansinger, 2023). Since risk factors to the condition include excessive intake of high calories and lack of physical activities, reducing calorie intake and increasing physical exercises can reduce the risk of the condition. Metabolic dysfunction could result to elevation of patient’s blood pressure and this could cause forgetfulness and impaired memory recall, slow mental processing and comprehension, difficult retaining new information, lack of focus, concentration and attention span, diminished reasoning judgment emotional and psychological stress, and decision making, these factors could greatly affect patient’s functioning on daily bases (Icfamily, 2023).