How Organized Crimes have Evolved and Adapted Their Modus Operandi

How Organized Crimes Have Evolved and Adapt Its Mode of Operations with Albania and Bulgaria as Case Studies
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How Organized Crimes Have Evolved and Adapt Its Mode of Operations with Albania and Bulgaria as Case Studies
"Organized crime" encompasses criminal behaviors such as corporate and state crimes quasi-governmental criminal organizations. On the other hand, organized crime is a universal metaphor applied to explain business dependencies and any economic crime committed in a country. Organized crimes pose a severe threat to national and international security and harm democratic institutions and public health. With close relation to the above analysis, the paper discusses how organized have evolved and adapted its mode of operations with Bulgaria as a case study.
Before 1989, organized crimes were non-existent in countries such as Bulgaria. The regime at that era implemented stringent policies to punish and investigate corrupt individuals. On the other hand, state institutions such as courts, customs, and political figures were subjected to systematic open or secret surveillance (Gounev & Tihomir, 2010). Despite having low tolerance, Bulgaria witnessed several lenient cases because of the family relationship and cronyism, leading to the emergence of organized crime activities and corruption. Similarly, specific tolerance behavior was witnessed to daily corruption at the lower level, for example, giving money to police officers for minor violations of traffic rules.
According to Gounev and Tihomir (2020), the transition of the market economy between 1990 and 2001 evolved organized crimes to high levels. The economic crisis of 1878 led to the collapse of most sectors of the economy, leaving cities with no operating services. Countries like Bulgaria were forced to privatize 100% of the service, industrial, and agricultural sectors assets to the new owner with criminal records. Moreover, their wealth comes from criminal proceeds. After the economic cruise of 1878 and the political crisis of 1997, organized crime continued to operate normally (Gounev & Tihomir, 2010). Of course, they purportedly helped t...