How DNA appears in a pattern of chromosomes Biomedical Sciences Essay

This section is to briefly outline a few of the details regarding how DNA appears in a pattern of chromosomes. One useful tool for that is a karyotype. That is, each organism has a generally identified number of chromosomes. Additionally, the banding on the chromosomes are similar but not exactly the same as others within their species. Therefore by reviewing a karyotype differences can be seen.
For humans there are 22 known as autosomes. The 23rd chromosome which are known to have the sex chromosomes has a pair either Y and and X or the two X’s. On the karyotype, two chromosomes for a standard bimodal expression of sex type, specify the sex type — XX for female and XY for male. The rest of the chromosomes, the autosomes, are arranged in homologous pairs, meaning, there are two of the same DNA (containing the same traits) which are tied together.
This arrangement helps scientists quickly identify chromosomal alterations that may result in a genetic disorder. To make a karyotype, scientists take a picture of the chromosome from one cell, cut them out, and arrange them using size, banding pattern, and the centromere position as guides. Review the sections in this link More about chromosomes:MORE ABOUT CHRO (http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/chromosomes/karyotype/)
There is an idea of what is normal and what is abnormal. However, the context of this language is misleading. That is, it may be standard in areas of medical diagnosis to use these terms however, there may be a few things to consider.
1 One is, is something rare abnormal? Rare means uncommon, not abnormal.
2 Two, is a genetic difference which results in a less than optimum outcome abnormal? No, many individuals having abilities for many things such as size, metabolism, brain chemistry, etc.
3 Three, do humans exist on a spectrum with advantages and disadvantages? Therefore humans exist across ...