6.2. Biological & Biomedical Sciences Assignment.

A few ideas for winning : ) ❏ Remember to make a copy of this document. Then change the part that has my name to the college you are in and the semester and year to your name and first initial.  ❏ You will  turn in this whole document online, not just the answers. I also need the questions : ) ❏ There is no quiz for this section ❏ Read the lecture note carefully in order to answer the questions. Avoid skimming because it makes it more difficult to answer the questions.❏ If troubled there are videos and a lecture document. ❏ Answer the questions and turn in all the work.
The main ideas for this cell division are that there are two results because there are two types for humans as well as many other animals. The two types are divided by function.One function is to maintain the DNA almost perfectly. That is, in mitosis DNA is replicated for the individual to maintain their own DNA. The idea is, as the body grows, ages, or gets damaged; the replication process occurs as the body adds new cells. 
The other function is sexual reproduction. For this there would need to be sex cells, known as gametes. This reproduction is called meiosis and is about inheritance, the passing on of genetic information from the parents to the offspring. 
In cell division which is used by both types, there are stages seen such as; prophase, metaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. 
For more information you may review these videos and/or use the lecture documents:1. Video Paul Andersen. Diploid vs. Haploid Cells. Bozeman Science2. video Paul Andersen. Meiosis. Bozman. Science3. video Paul Andersen. Mitosis. Bozman. Science4. video Paul Andersen. Meiosis and mitosis.Bozeman Science.Course lecture notes: 5.3. c3.anthbio/phys.mckendricksj: The Cell and Cell Division basicsThe drawings 1 and 2 are to not show each part but the application of the part meaning to go beyond the idea of simply stating humans commonly have 46 chromatids formed on  23 pairs of chromosomes. 
Each chromatid is a DNA molecule and is joined to a homologous duplicate of itself. It is duplicated in basic function but not exactly the same because they are each inherited individually from the parents. One chromatid from each parent.  Each pair has unique functions and has a built in copy for replicating the cell and in some cases creating sex cells by using cell division. There are for humans and many other organisms two kinds of cell division, mitosis and meiosis. 
The important thing to note in this section is that the ● n=23 means 23 chromatids. Which is the common average for humans. ● 2(23) means that the 23 chromosomes are isolated from each other and each has a pair of DNA molecules. Which is the common average for humans.  ● 2[2(23)] means that at some point there is double the regular amount of nuclear DNA. For mitosis it is about replication but for meiosis is for creating sex cells.  ● 23+23 indicates that there are two isolated sets of chromatids in meiosis which remain divided.● 23 indicates that in meiosis the isolated 23+23 becomes 2 sex cells. And that occurs twice for a total of 4 sex cells (haploid) with half the DNA of the parent this is a contrast to mitosis which results in 2 identical cells (diploid) all the individuals DNA. 
The questions in this section are designed to engage the student by assessing the reading and /or the application of information. It uses the format of a bubble diagram to show the steps. Then it shows  the linear expression in math terms focusing the overview of the the numbers and configuration of the chromatids and the chromosomes as they change in order to replicate and produce sex cells. 
Replication is important because for individuals it begins at conception when the body is formed over time. Once born the individual will grow and will also need to cycle the tissues and to repair damage. This also has the added benefit for keeping trillions of copies of DNA to use over and over. 
Additionally, the production of sex cells allows for reproduction the species as well as has a built in mchanis to assure that diversity occurs in the population and that some will advantages at times over others. This is not unfair, it is to all a species to have a possible chance to survive changes in the environment. 
What I have always found stunning is that DNA and the cell are self perpetuating, self adjusting data storage micro-machines. That is, it all happens without our thoughts billions of times a second and all I did was eat a peanut butter sandwich. My life, growth, healing, health, and happiness are tied to the amazing cells and their DNA. Drawing 1: The chromosome and chromatid numbers and organization for the stages of Mitosis 
Drawing 2: The chromosome and chromatid numbers and organization of meiosis
 
Answer the following questions. Use the above document only to answer the questions. You can type in the answers if you have made a copy and renamed this document as your own. It requires you to read the document, understand the basics and repeat the answers from this document in the tables below. Mitosis G1 is 2(n) 2(23) = 46 1. What is the significance of this linear equation for the human cell and mitosisMitosis S is 2(2n) 2[2(23)] =92 2. What is the significance of this linear equation for the human cell and mitosisMitosis is 2(n) 2(23)=46 3. What is the significance of this linear equation for the human cell and mitosis
4. Meiosis G1 is 2(n) 2(23) = 46 4. What is the significance of this linear equation for the human cell and meiosisAnswer here: 5. Meiosis S is 2is (2n) 2[2(23)] =92 5. What is the significance of this linear equation for the human cell and meiosisAnswer here: 6.Meiosis 1 is 2(1n)(23 + 23) and (23 + 23) 6. What is the significance of this equation for the human cell and meiosisAnswer here: 7.Meiosis is 2(n) 2(23)=46 7. What is the significance of this linear equation for the human cell and meiosisAnswer here: 
8. What is the purpose of mitosis?
9. What is the purpose of meiosis?
10. How does meiosis ensure diversity in populations?