Digital LAB: blood questions

A few ideas for winning : )

❏      Remember to make a copy of this document. Then change the part that has my name to the college you are in and the semester and year to your name and first initial. 

❏      You will  turn in this whole document online, not just the answers. I also need the questions : )

❏       There is no quiz for this section

❏      Read the lecture note carefully in order to answer the questions. Avoid skimming because it makes it more difficult to answer the questions.

❏      If troubled there is a video.

❏      Answer the questions and turn-in.  There are 5 question sections with subsection questions. 50 total.your points will be found by  score/50 ٜx 20= points out of 20

Video help: this video is direct and useful. However, please note that short videos I found youtube get the idea across quickly but have not been updated to reflect that eye color is not truly dominant nor recessive. The longer videos are more confusing : ) Use this for principles but for eye color : ) If you want to know about eye color but connected to this assignment use this basic information from Dr. Neil Lamb and Dr.Greg Barsh from the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Genetics of Eye Color briefly:

For most of the past 100 years, this version of eye color genetics has been taught in classrooms around the world. It’s one of the few genetic concepts that adults often recall from their high school or college biology classes. Unfortunately, this model is overly simplistic and incorrect – eye color is actually controlled by several genes. Additionally, many of the genes involved in eye color also influence skin and hair tones. In this edition of Biotech Basics, we’ll explore the science behind pigmentation and discuss the genetics of eye color. In a future edition, we’ll discuss genetic factors that contribute to skin and hair color.

I picked this video because it is the most helpful and shortest way to learn Punnett Square.

video.Mary Poffenroth.Learn Biology: How to Draw a Punnett Square.Mahalo Biology

The section is to learn a bit more about inheritance specifically using a few of the tools. The first  is to use the Punnett square. That is to apply what we have learned to a more complex problem. What we have seen;

Bubble diagrams represent math ideas; such as the a two part bubble divided into two separate parts as seen in the gamete section is the same as FACTORING.

Drop downs and bubble diagrams represent the same information and the possible outcomes for combined traits (in drop downs) can also be done using the FOIL method.

The foil method and complex bubbles (drop downs) can also be done using a Punnett square. The Punnett square is a matrix method.

As the system adds complexity, more traits, it becomes unmanageable therefore another way to solve is to use a tree diagram. A tree diagram can be used to represent all the prior listed math methods.

SAMPLE:

Given

The traits Aa are for type A blood.

The traits Bb are for type are for Rh + and Rh- blood.

So both are genes for blood but one is for the blood group and the other is for Rh factors.

 A few rules: Parent 1 is on the top line and parent 2 is on the left vertical line.

The letters are alphabetical. Big A before small a and small a before big B. Here is a sample:

Using f/n, list the percentages of each of the four possibilities from the Punnett square above which has 4 possibilities.

f=the total times any two part combination occurs.

n= total number of two part combinations which occur.

For f of AB  =1; f/n = ¼ or 25%

For f of Ab  = 1; f/n = ¼ or 25%

For f of aB  = ; f/n = ¼ or 25%

For f of ab   =1; f/n = ¼ or 25%

In the following questions relating to Punnett squares you will follow the same rules as shown here.

That is you will fill in the squares as well as show the math for each section of the squares.

What you are demonstrating is the ability to use the tool as well as the understanding that the squares represent a percentage of the whole.

These are quite simple even if the question becomes a bit more complex.

Question 1

Given p1 is Aa and P2 is CC. You can type in this square to answer if you have made a copy and renamed this document as your own. 

Remember to fill in the squares using alphabetical first then uppercase and lowercase

Question 2

With ABo blood groups o is recessive seen by when it is a known outcome that o will occur with a dominant allele for example A, meaning Ao then o will not show meaning the blood type is A. But when it occurs with o meaning , oo, then it will show meaning the blood type is o.

Given p1 is AA and P2 is oo.  You can type in this square to answer if you have made a copy and renamed this document as your own. 

2.3 How many Type A blood types are there? (1 pt)

2.4 How many blood type o are there?  (1 pt)

2.5 Why is the blood type for the genotype Ao called type A blood?  (1 pt)

Question 3

With ABo blood groups o is recessive seen by when it is a known outcome that o will occur with a dominant allele for example A, meaning Ao then o will not show meaning the blood type is A. But when it occurs with o meaning , oo, then it will show meaning the blood type is o.

Given p1 is Ao and P2 is oo.  You can type in this square to answer if you have made a copy and renamed this document as your own. 

3.3 How many Type A blood types are there?  (1 pt)

3.4 How many blood type o are there?  (1 pt)

3.5 Why is the blood type for the genotype oo called a homozygous recessive (refer to doc-d3)?  (1 pt)

Question 4

With ABo blood groups o is recessive seen by when it is a known outcome that A will occur with a dominant allele for example B, meaning AB then the will express equality also known as codominance.

Given p1 is Ao and P2 is Bo.  You can type in this square to answer if you have made a copy and renamed this document as your own. 

3.3 How many codominant blood types are there? (1 pt)

3.4 How many blood type o are there?  (1 pt)

3.5 Why are blood genotypes Ao and Bo called a heterozygous (refer to doc-d3)?  (1 pt)

Question 5

Rh factor in blood seems as a dominant trait but is not. This is one issue with the Mendelian Models is that there is not a differentiation between recessive and not there.  For example, with ABo blood groups there is a statement which says when tested the blood contained a positive result for the test for Rh. This is not a dominant. Rh is simply there or not.  Mendelian Models can show Rh as a dominant and recessive but it is not. In order to be clear, solve the next puzzle.

Given p1 is A+ A and P2 is o+ o.  Here note that one of the A genes has a positive meaning it tested positive and one of the o genes has a positive mark meaning it tested positive. The genes without a positive mark mean they don’t have Rh. You can type in this square to answer if you have made a copy and renamed this document as your own. 

5.3 How many Rh+ blood types are there?  (1 pt)

5.4 How many negative for Rh blood types are there?  (1 pt)

5.5 How many type A blood types are there?  (1 pt)