Biko's Critique on White Liberalism Using Critical and Constructivist Approaches

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Introduction
In the article “Steve Biko and a critique of global governance as white liberalism” by Isaac Kamola the author tries to critique white liberalism. The author examines world politics using critical and constructivist approaches. He also argues that the material transformations of post-Cold War higher education in the U.S. and Africa inform how the world comes to be imagined as “global.” Kamola speaks directly on the global governance whereby Biko argues that South Africa Opposed the Apartheid yet they benefited from racial privileges. The view of the author does provide important insights into the lenses of race and gender and the theory of global governance. The author states that one of the difficult things to attain is creating a just and equitable form of governance in any country, but instead people usually depend on political activities for the marginalized under the apartheid rule. The argument in this article is that global governance institutions and global civil societies are the best people to address challenges that are facing Africa. Therefore liberals who develop global governance ignore their complexity with the existing order, and they are not in a position to offer solutions to the problems of violence and poverty in Africa.
The article tries to elaborate on the meaning of African anti-colonial theory that is used to address global governance. This article can be used to argue and demonstrate global governance in Africa. Steve Biko offers a vision of governance not as a procedural practice but self-governance. The first step to transformation is to identify ones won complicity in the unjust social order then rearticulate oneself in a manner that can make new political relationship and identity. Black consciousness is a form of self-governance that begins with an inward-looking process and assists the black people to infuse themselves with dignity and pride. In the fundamental theory of black consciousness, the theory states that within the highly hierarchical and unequal societies, everyone is not equally positioned to bring meaningful political transformations in society.
White liberalism is used to explain how unjust social orders require the complicity of the governed. For example, in South Africa, the stability of apartheid depended on the acceptance of the apartheid racial divisions of the black population (Kamola, 67). One of the first steps of getting rid of the Apartheid rule was that Africans were supposed to recognize their complicity and articul...