4 Stages of Piaget’s Cognitive Development

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Question one
Piaget’s theory proposes that children move through four different stages of cognitive development. She disagreed with the impression that intelligence is a fixed attribute but instead viewed it as a process that involves life development through interacting with the environment. The stages include; 
The sensorimotor stage which spans from birth to two years. At this stage, the child learns about the environment around them through everyday activities such as looking, sucking, listening, and grasping. Also, they get to know that things exist even though they cannot be seen. Moreover, they appreciate some of their activities can interfere with the environment around them (Lutz et al., 260).
The preoperational stage range between two years and seven years. At this period, children think symbolically through the use of words and pictures. However, the children at this are self-centered and struggle to see things with the same perspective as others (Lutz et al., 260). Also, at this stage, children tend to think about things remarkably.
The concrete operational stage is the period between seven and eleven years. During this period, children think rationally about real events as well as improve the concept of conversation. They develop a sense to relate different things in their environment. For instance, the amount of sugar in a short and wide container is equal to tall and skinny glass (Lutz et al., 261). As they continue to grow, they start using inductive intelligent from explicit to universal principles.
In the formal operational stage (12 years and above), adolescents think hypothetically and reason about imaginary problems. At around the teen period, they feel more about social, moral, ethical, philosophical, and political matters that require abstract and theoretical reasoning (Lutz et al., 262).
Question two.
Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development emphasis to resolve different problems to become a complete successful person. In Erikson’s eight developmental stages, two contradictory ideas must be addressed for an individual to become confident, contributing members of society. Lack of mastery in these tasks leads to feelings of inadequacy.
           Trust vs. mistrust is the first stage in Erikson’s psychosocial stages. It is the period from birth to one year when toddlers pick up that grown-ups can be trusted. However, this only occurs when the caregiver can fulfill the child’s needs (Branje & Natasha Koper, 1772). On the flip side, ...