Middle East History, Politics, and Alliances

Essay Questions
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Question 1
History reveals the unsolved puzzle surrounding the Middle East alliances and their influence on the existing conflicts. Various oil-rich Gulf nations are now engaging with each other to resolve issues that affect their governance. For instance, the pro-Israeli alliance involved Israel's attempts to come together with other regional players in the Middle East based on mutual interest. The Israeli-led strategic alliances with Egypt, Saudis, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 2001 led to a closer relationship between the Middle East nations (Gause Iii, 2011 p.81). Increased structural reforms in the Middle East also enabled the formation of the pro-Palestinian alliance, among nations like Palestine, Russia, and most of the Middle East. Russia, Syria, and turkey recently reconsidered their relationship with the United States to avoid potential political damages and disappointments that accompany the promises of this superpower (Gause Iii, 2011 p.82). As a result, these alliances shaped politics in the Middle East nations and began demanding more autonomy and independence. With the rising rebellion among significant ethnic and regional groups, the nations have been shifting their alliances. Since the 1990s, the Middle East began developing destructive expansionist strategies, such as the Marxist-Leninist group that initiated conflict with other states. The increased conflict in the 90s made the non-state ethnic and regional groups a major force in Middle East politics.
Today, these non-state actors have been engaging in moderate opposition as a top priority resulting in great conflict within the Middle East region. Their differences with the radicals in governance are likely to affect the long-term political alliances (Gause Iii, 2011 p.83). The recent picture in the Israel-Arab conflict indicated the discomfort of Middle East nations with engaging each other in conflict resolution. Additionally, a 2015 survey in Saudi Arabia revealed the nation's potential adversaries including Israel, Iran, and ISIS. The unfathomable peace between Israel and UAE reflected the need for progress on many political fronts to reduce the rising conflicts. Following the 1990 riots, the Middle East seems to be entering a period in which alliances are shifting to develop a grand coalition. For instance, Russia, Turkey, and Palestine are engaging in agreements to end pending conflicts from the past. Another example involves the evolution of the Libya conflict in 2020 after the withdrawal of foreign troops, and agreements to the settlement in their rightful homeland (Gause Iii, 2011 p.83). Current alliances are seeking to defend the Islamic land by liberating both Jewish and Islamic states as opposed to the traditional territorial battle.
Question 2
Non-state actors are the ethnic and religious groups in the Middle East that are historically associated with strategic allies around the world. These actors have a significant influence on the rearrangements of alliances in the region. Some of the groups have Marxist-Leninist roots in Turkey that were initially formed in the 1970s to propel the armed...