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Pages:
11 pages/β‰ˆ3025 words
Sources:
2 Sources
Style:
Harvard
Subject:
Management
Type:
Essay
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 47.52
Topic:

Causes Behind Deaths in Public Events: The Case of the Burnden Park Stadium Disaster

Essay Instructions:

Information Description
Assignment Type / Format Case Study in Journal Article format– Analysing fatalities within crowded event spaces
Assignment Weight 70% of Module / Coursework
Assignment Title Analysing fatalities within crowded event spaces - title appropriate for the case study selected
Instructions / Requirements
Description of the assignment:
This assignment has been designed to allow you the opportunity to produce an individual case study in a journal article format (3000 words) which investigates the causes behind fatalities in public events or disasters. The case study should provide an in-depth account of an event and should also pay particular attention to crowd psychology and typologies and how they react within certain environmental parameters.
Guide to structuring your work
As with all written work you should assume a typical Introduction / Main body / Conclusion / recommendations format. With the Essay you should be moving through context’s I.e. Pre-event or past – During the incident – and future [Post event]
Past Context / Pre-Event context
Were there any significant factors or events that have led to or had an impact on the incident? Should lessons have been learnt previously to this event? Build the overview of the event / venue here and discuss in relation to crowd theories or sociological theories related to risk as and where these might be appropriate
During the Event context
The incident itself – exactly what happened? What were the causes? How? What? When? Why? Etc, present evidence of the incident here, witness statements, HSE reports, newspaper / news accounts etc,
also where possible try to link the happenings within the incident to literature on managing crowds, emergency procedures etc...
Future or post Event context
Put yourselves into the role of risk manager and using guidelines available i.e. purple guide to events / FLA guide to sports events, or any textbook material investigate how an incident of this type could have been avoided. Finally investigate what has happened since, i.e. changes in legislation? Criminal proceedings or liabilities? What recommendations you might be able to make based on the event if they have not been suggested.
N.B – With this type of assessment you may wish to carry out primary research, i.e. contacting venues, licensing bodies, the HSE etc. In this case state that you are a student at the University and that the information you receive will not be published, feel free to give my name if any organisation wishes to check this.
Presentation style for coursework:
3000 - Word processed
Font type: Arial or Times
Font size: 12
1.5 line spacing please
Number the page at the bottom right corner
Final article submission: You must submit only an electronic copy via StudyNet
At least 20 different references are required
DO NOT use first person pronouns: ‘I’; We, ‘You’ and so on.
Referencing in main body and producing an accurate list of references are compulsory. Use Harvard referencing.
Cheating, plagiarism, collusion and other academic misconduct will be directed to the Academic Conduct Officer (see UPR AS14 for details).
Late submission: coursework submitted by students up to one week late will be graded at a maximum of 50% for postgraduates. Coursework submitted over one week late will be awarded a zero (0), ie fail grade. (see Appendix C for grading details). This grade penalty will be applied unless there are severe adverse circumstances (see section 11.).
Title page includes the following
Student identification number
Title of article
Module number
Module title
Allocated tutor’s name
Word Count
10% of final written submission mark will be deducted for poor expression in English, incorrect presentation style and inaccurate referencing style.
https://library(dot)herts(dot)ac(dot)uk/
Use this link as resources
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Essay Sample Content Preview:

INVESTIGATION OF CAUSES BEHIND DEATHS IN PUBLIC EVENTS: THE CASE OF THE BURNDEN PARK STADIUM DISASTER
By (Name)
Professor’s Name
Institution Affiliation
Date
Abstract
The paper analyzes the fatalities caused by one of the sporting activities in The Burnden Park Stadium Disaster by considering pre-event, during the event and post-event. One of the most common sources of deaths during overcrowded events includes hazards and physical risks due to poor crowd management. Safety is noted as an element that sport managers do not adequately focus on. Instead, the focus is on the main event and the significant activities necessary for making each team successful. The sports officers the heath coordinators should play a significant role in determining the sources of crowd risks and offer timely management of the deaths during public events. The Burnden Park disaster is one of the historical events in 1946 at the football stadium leading to the death of innocent fans. The event was critical since it led to the huge number of deaths of approximately 33 Bolton fans. One of the deadly historical stadium deaths occurred due to a lack of effective risk management strategies. Initially, no similar events occurred in the area upon which lesson would be learned. However, crowding in most stadiums was already an alarming factor globally, which the sport managers needed to address before allowing the fans into the stadium. A huge football event such as that in the case was critical, and its management could timely be planned to avoid any possible challenge. Therefore, since Bolton fans were rowdy, the management would have learned from the experience and understood how to manage the situation rather than exposing the team to huge risks and fatalities. The management would have also considered the magnitude of the events whenever any emergent issue arose. In managing the situation, the risk management officers should play an essential role in establishing an elaborative framework necessary for mitigating different risks. Risk managers should also play an essential role in assessing different types of risks necessary for resolving issues. It is also necessary to identify one of the most significant elements necessary for managing different types of risks during public events. Poor crowd management is detrimental since it contributes to fatalities, which should be eliminated by considering effective strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to justify a lot of scenarios would have been prevented in the pitch if the sport management team had effectively utilized crowd management strategies and understood the psychology of the crowd.
Keywords: Crowd management, hypnotic, contagion theory, stampede, public events, and burden park disaster.
Introduction
Fatalities due to overcrowding in public events is a common national and international problem that the government significantly addresses. Crowding is a significant problem that causes such fatalities due to its large magnitude and attendance (James, 2017). The crowding issue results from positive interactions from sporting or entertainment activities. Due to overcrowding, escaping whenever any stampede or disaster occurs becomes impossible (Frey, 2012). Some of the factors that sign...
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