Childhood Obesity in Manchester Summary

CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN MANCHESTER
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Childhood Obesity in Manchester
Obesity has become a major health concern in the United Kingdom due to a continuous increase in its prevalence among children of all ages. Estimates by the Health Survey for England (HSE) show that close to 25% of adults are now obese (Ashton, 2015. In Manchester, The prevalence rate of obesity among children has exceeded the England average. About 11.4% of children aged 4-5 years and approximately 25.1% of children aged 10-14 years are obese(Public Health England, 2021). This high prevalence in Manchester is strongly linked to deprivation. According to Connelly et al. (2017), child obesity prevalence in the most deprived tenth of local areas is twice that in the least deprived tenth. Recent indices of multiple deprivation indicates that Manchester is one of most deprived local authorities in England (Dam, et al., 2019). This deprivation has also increased health inequality in Manchester, making childhood obesity prevalence higher than the national average (Ells et al., 2015).
Further studies also show that cases of childhood obesity are common in Manchester because the city has a vibrant takeaway culture (Stamatakis et al., 2010). Data suggests that food consumption away from home in UK has increased by almost a third, but, Mancheseter has witnessed a drastic rise in the number of takeaway outlets (Conrad & Capewell, 2012). Generally, one in four children is overweight or obese in Manchester. This is particularly concerning as childhood obesity can extend to adulthood, and obesity in adulthood is a risk factor for various chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, Type II diabetes, and cancer, which are the primary causes of death in England (Ashton, 2010).
In other words, the possibility of obese children becoming obese adults is high, and this increases their chances of developing life-threatening conditions later in life. These children are also at an immediate increased risk of behavioural and psychological problems. To protect children from these complications, there is a need to establish interventions focused on healthy eating and physical exercise in early childhood. This paper will begin by analyzing childhood obesity in Manchester and reviewing a health policy and its application to childhood obesity and to health economics. It will then evaluate the available interventions to address childhood obesity along with a critical discussion of their theoretical basis. Next, the paper will critically evaluate the effectiveness of the identified initiatives. Finally, an analysis of the roles of children's nurse health educators and health promoters in relation to obesity will be provided. The intended conclusion is that childhood obesity in Manchester is a major health concern that needs immediate intervention to save lives.
Analysis
Obesity is the excess accumulation of body fats, increasing the risk of morbidity and premature death. It has become one of the major health concerns in Manchester, United Kingdom, following the increased prevalence of childhood obesity that develops into adulthood (Ashton, 2010). Nearly 25% of children in En...