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Politics of Latin America: Challenges of Democratic Governance

Essay Instructions:

In the last few years, democratic recession has been particularly troubling in the Andes as populist parties/leaders have emerged in response to the public’s frustration and discontent with weak democratic institutions and performance and increasing dissatisfaction with corrupt and incompetent government. In Peru, for example, there have been five presidents in the last 3 years with the last six presidents accused of corruption. Populism became the answer to the failings of the previous democratic governments, as in Bolivia and Venezuela. As with all populist movements and leaders, the rise to power through free and fair elections but once in power politicize and dismantle democratic institutions and process that impeded the populist from consolidating authoritarian rule on behalf “of the will of the people.” Answer the following questions: (1) What are the particular challenges of democratic governance and how do they open opportunities for populist “political entrepreneurs”; (2) Colombia’s political and economic development is seen to be different than the rest of the Andes – take, for example the long-standing conflict/violence in Colombia. What are the similarities/differences between Colombia and the rest of the Andes? (3) Finally, what explains authoritarian survival in Venezuela?
Sources to use :
Mainwaring, “The Crisis of Representation in the Andes,” Journal of Democracy (2006) https://muse(dot)jhu(dot)edu/article/200110/pdf?casa_token=cjj9higybvUAAAAA:Xw_w725gfpL84OVbSsGPQdOFSNjwePoBJndoiiv9fI6wC0DK0CvJWquf3vfW2_m-mhT6yCAwId0g
Corrales, “Authoritarian Survival: Why Maduro Hasn’t Fallen,” Journal of Democracy (2020) https://muse(dot)jhu(dot)edu/article/760086/pdf?casa_token=kAtPqsok33EAAAAA:g0queR1t3wO-WFCwD3KiG9NKeKmtMtnRjri42Yfwkr5QnNff9wolfX2bI4ywUIVKe3i5j7XTp-Nf
Hartlyn and Dugas, “Colombia: The Politics of Violence and Democratic Transformation,” in Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (1999). Pages 291-330 Democracy in Developing Countries, Vol. 4 Latin America.
Cardenas, Colombia’s Crisis in an Urban Youth Crisis: Old Solutions Won’t Work,” Americas Quarterly (May 2021) https://americasquarterly(dot)org/article/colombias-crisis-is-an-urban-youth-crisis-old-solutions-wont-work/
Munoz, “Latin America Erupts: Peru Goes Populist,” Journal of Democracy (July 2021) https://muse(dot)jhu(dot)edu/article/797785

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Politics of Latin America
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Due Date Politics of Latin America 1.      What are the particular challenges of democratic governance and how do they open opportunities for populist political entrepreneurs?

In recent decades, dissatisfaction with democracy, contemporary political parties that appear to perpetuate democracy, and the legislature have marred the political scene across the five countries of the Andean region: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. These are results of challenges of democracy in which poverty, income inequality, crime, and unemployment have increased in this region (Mainwaring, 2006). This is because the political class has failed to implement the fundamental principles of democracy that include social justice, equal opportunities for all, respect for human & civil rights, and equal protection under the law. As a result, voters are increasingly inclined to elect populist parties and leaders who appear to challenge the democratic status quo.

2.      Colombia's political and economic development is seen to be different than the rest of the Andes – take, for example the long-standing conflict/violence in Colombia. What are the similarities/differences between Colombia and the rest of the Andes?

Across the five countries, however, Colombia appears to be different. For instance, the country continues to experience a long-standing conflict and violence compared to other countries. Colombia, however, is not different from the other four countries. Across th...

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