Canada in the Changing Climate: Transportation

Follow the requirement in the file and write the academic report according to the ppt given by the prof.

INSTRUCTIONS: In the fourth and final assignment, students have a choice between two essential and interconnected sectors of the Canadian economy (Energy or Transportation). Therefore, each student must choose to write on one of the following topics: A. Energy (e.g. Energy Supply, Energy Transmission, Energy Demand) B. Transportation (e.g. Ice Roads, Pavement Maintenance, Coastal Roads, Marine Shipping) The assignment is to write a four-paragraph, two-page, academic report. Each report should do the following: a) demonstrate the importance of the topic; b) describe the weather sensitivity (climate connection) of the topic; c) report relevant climatic changes; d) identify climate change impacts and adaptation strategies. Each paragraph in the report must be based on at least 1 academic source (industry website, government report, or scientific article). Each paper should include a minimum of 4 scholarly sources, all cited in the text and listed in the bibliography. The paragraphs should follow a logical transition in geographic scale (transitioning from global, to national, to regional scales, when possible). There is more than one “right” answer for these questions so each student’s report will vary (which is fine). The main requirement is that each of the 4 paragraphs consist of 3 to 4 solid points (sentences), supported by academic sources (citations), to address the different elements described in the instructions. Direct quotations should not be used in this assignment (the use of direct quotations is rarely appropriate within academic writing). Communicate the information you have gathered from scholarly sources in your own words but give credit to the author(s) by citing the source. When writing on a selected topic, students have the option to broadly cover the topic, or narrow the focus to one issue (like we have done in lectures). However, this needs to be clearly identified with the essay title and paragraph introductions. For example, you could write on Transportation in general (e.g. supply, transmission, demand), or more narrowly focus on energy demand (e.g. winter heating; summer cooling; emissions/mitigation/policy). FORMAT: • Each essay should include a centred title (with the selected topic and specific focus identified) • Times New Roman 12 pt. font, 1.5 line spacing • 2-page minimum, 3-page maximum • Name and student number in the page header • Date and page number in the footer • 1” (2.54cm) margins • 4 academic sources (minimum) • APA style for in-text citations and reference list Assignment 4 Instructions MJH GGR 246 pg. 2 EVALUATION: Each assignment will be graded out of a total of 50 marks, including: a) topic importance (10 marks); b) weather sensitivity (10 marks); c) climatic changes (10 marks); d) impacts and adaptation (10 marks); and e) writing and referencing (10 marks). This assignment is worth 15% of your final grade. RUBRIC: A. Topic Importance (10) • Describe why your topic is important. • Identify the national significance of the topic. • Report the social, economic, and/or environmental value. • Discuss regional differences (if applicable). *This paragraph is the one where referencing websites may be most appropriate (for industry statistics). B. Weather Sensitivity (10) • Describe the relationship between weather and/or climate variability with your selected topic. • Explain how specific aspects of your topic as affected differently by weather and/or climate. • Identify which weather and climate variables are of greatest importance to your topic. *This paragraph should describe casual relationships and not report climatic changes or impacts. C. Climatic Changes (10) • Report changes in the climate variables relevant to your topic (only). • Describe relevant climatic changes on global, national, and regional scales (if applicable). • Identify historical trends (from weather observations) as well as future projections (from climate models). *Be specific, provide actual values pertaining to the magnitude and direction of these changes. D. Impacts and Adaptation (10) • Describe how historical (observed) climatic changes have impacted the topic. • Describe how future (projected) climatic changes may impact the topic. • Discuss available and/or potential adaptation strategies. *Impacts can include direct effects on the topic, as well as social/economic/environmental implications. E. Writing and Referencing (10) • Writing (spelling, sentence syntax, paragraph structure) • In-text citations • Reference list • Formatting