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Pages:
5 pages/β‰ˆ1375 words
Sources:
Check Instructions
Style:
APA
Subject:
Psychology
Type:
Essay
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 21.6
Topic:

The Impact of Opium Misuse and Addiction on Cognitive Abilities

Essay Instructions:

Written Report:
An “original” report written in APA format will be submitted to Canvas electronically by 11/16. There it will be checked for plagiarism through turnitin.com. This is a literature review of a topic you have selected; so, select your topic carefully!
While a survey can be included in your report, it is not essential for a top grade. For every class period this assignment is late, 5 points will be deducted from your grade.
You may submit any size report; however, an “A” report will have the following minimum requirements:
5 or more pages for body of report with font size 12, double spaced
5 or more references, at least 3 are peer review journals less than 3 years old
Report includes a Title page, Abstract page, and a Reference page, in addition to the body of the report being at least 5 pages in length
The report is in APA style
10% or less plagiarism (quotes will not count toward plagiarism, but a professionally written report will not have too many)
Electronic copy submitted to Canvas by due date (see calendar below). There are 3 due dates on the calendar: submission of possible topics (10pts.), submission of outline (10 pts.), and submission of final written report (80 pts.).
Your report will be graded on writing quality (see Rubric below), which includes but is not limited to, use of grammar, sentence and paragraph construction, coverage of the topic, use of your references, development of thesis. This is a literature review of a topic you have selected; so, select your topic carefully! Keep your articles; do not turn them in.
For help with reports:
On Campus: The Writing Lab (713-718-5889), South Hall Room 703. Here you may get help with any writing assignments.
Online: Or you may use hccs.upswing.io for help with reports.
GRADING RUBRIC
Submission of possible topics _____ (10%)
Submission of outline ______ (10%)
Submission of Final Written Report ______ (80%)
APA Errors (30% of grade)
APA MAJOR errors: _____
APA Reference errors: (ABC order, 1:1 reference/citation) _____
APA Punctuation and Capitalization errors _____
APA Citation errors: (incorrect author order, incorrect et al. usage) _____ _____
Title Page (Header, Spacing, Contents, etc.) _____ APA numbers _____
APA Verb problems: (verb tense, verb-subject-article agreement) _____
Pronoun errors: (which, that, who, whom) _____
Format errors: (incorrect line, letter, word spacing, pagination) _____
Use of Abbreviations or numerals to start sentences _____
Undefined abbreviations _____
APA Writing Errors (40% of grade)
Nonprofessional writing/tone _____
Lack of empirical evidence for points made _____
Other: ___________________________
APA Minor errors (10% of grade)
Wrong font/wrong size font/wrong color font _____
Inappropriate use of a secondary source (lack of “cited “in…) _____
Inappropriate use of personal pronouns, excessive abbreviations _____
Occasional problems with hanging indents _____ Using ampersands in text
TOTAL: 100 POINTS POSSIBLE
Your report (including topic, outline and final written report) will be worth 20% of your final average.

Essay Sample Content Preview:

The Impact of Opium Misuse and Addiction on Cognitive Abilities
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The Impact of Opium Misuse and Addiction on Cognitive Abilities
The opium crisis is a serious public health problem in the United States. In 2017, over 12 million Americans were reported to have misused opioids, and 47,000 succumbed to opioid overdose (Jalali, Botticelli, Hwang, Koh, & McHugh, 2020). Due to the increased overuse and death-related cases of opioids, the opioid problem has been declared a national epidemic (HHS, 2020). Solutions to the crisis require extensive consultation and collaboration among numerous stakeholders. However, such solutions are far less effective if they are not underpinned by precise and focused information supporting the mitigation, prevention, and treatment of opioids. One way of addressing these measures is understanding how opioids affect the brain, including its cognitive functions. The brain regions and neurological mechanisms that drive addiction are similar to those that support cognitive abilities like learning.

Introduction to Opium

            Opium is among the Schedule II narcotics according to the classification by the Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) §§1308.11 through 1308.15 (ECFR, 2021). Along with drugs like cocaine, morphine, codeine, amphetamine, and amobarbital, opium (through opioids) has a high potential for misuse and addiction, leading to severe physical and psychological dependence. As Schedule II narcotics, these drugs have been approved to be used for medicinal purposes through prescriptions. Opioids entered the American market as prescription medications capable of treating moderate-to-severe pain (Bonnie, Schumacher, Clark, & Kesselheim, 2019) following surgery or for chronic pain caused by diseases like cancer (Dalal & Bruera, 2019). As a result, an increase in prescriptions led to severe abuse and overuse by thousands of Americans due to acute psychological and physical dependence.

            A robust way of understanding the opioid problem is first to investigate how it reacts once introduced into the body. Both animals and humans have opiate receptors in the brain (Jalali, Botticelli, Hwang, Koh, & McHugh, 2020). Different types of opiates, like morphine and heroin, interact with receptors creating action sites. Once they bind on specific receptors, opiates and opioids act by mimicking the outcomes of naturally produced pain-relieving chemicals. They bind on the opiate receptors in the brain and other locations within the body, blocking pain perception. In the short term, they cause a feeling of well-being, resulting in confusion, drowsiness, and confusion (Gravitz, 2019). They lead to physical (Volkow & McLellan, 2016) and psychosocial (Cheatle, 2014) dependence in the long term. As a depressant, and since the brain is connected to the central nervous system, opium slows down messages traveling between the brain and body...

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