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Psychology
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Behavioral Psychology Lecture

Essay Instructions:

For this assignment, you are an invited lecturer for the Applied Behavior Analysis I undergraduate course at University. You have been asked to speak to beginning applied behavior analysis students in their first Seminar of their ABA program. You want to engender an appreciation for the field of behavior analysis and a passion for the science. Consider what you should talk about that can introduce the basic concepts of the science and spark the students’ passion for the field.
Define the following and explain how these are used to either maintain behavior, diminish behavior, or extinguish behavior:
Positive and negative reinforcement
Positive and negative punishment
Explain the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment. Provide two brief scenarios that illustrate those differences.
Extinction
Explain the importance of identifying behavior function to the design of effective, function-based behavior intervention plans.
Explain the following four functions of behavior:
Social positive reinforcement (Attention)
Tangible positive reinforcement (Access to tangibles)
Social negative reinforcement (Escape or avoidance)
Automatic reinforcement (Sensory stimulation)
Discuss the purpose and the process of the functional behavior assessment. Include indirect assessment and direct descriptive assessment in your discussion.
Explain the characteristics of an operational definition of a target behavior. Illustrate the difference between a label of a target behavior and an operational definition of a target behavior.
Discuss the questions you must ask yourself when determining the social significance of a potential target behavior.
Present the criteria for prioritizing target behaviors.
Use the following scenario to answer the questions that follow:
Lonnie is a 5-year-old boy who loves playing with his dog, Scruffy, and his little sister, Tammy. Recently, the young family has endured much upheaval. Lonnie’s dad just left one night while Lonnie was asleep and, about a month later, his mom decided they needed to move closer to Lonnie’s grandparents. Lonnie’s mom recently enrolled him in a new kindergarten. During the family’s transition to their new home, Lonnie and his mom were inseparable. He stayed close to her in case she needed him. He saw his mama cry one night and that made him sad. Since beginning his new school 5 weeks ago, Lonnie has been at the nurse’s office 10 times. The nurse’s records reveal that Lonnie always arrives at the office about 30 minutes after his mom drops him off at school. The nurse phones his mom, and she immediately picks him up and takes him home. His mom has taken him to the doctor, but there seems to be nothing physically wrong.
What is the target behavior in the case? Operationally define the target behavior.
Identify the antecedent and consequence in this case.
Based upon the usual antecedent and consequence, hypothesize the probable function of Lonnie’s target behavior.
Using the Behavior Analyst Certification Board’s Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts, Section 2: Responsibility in Practice (Codes 2.08, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, and 2.17), discuss the ethical guidelines governing functional behavior assessments.

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Behavioral Psychology Lecture
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Define the following and explain how these are used to either maintain behavior, diminish behavior, or extinguish behavior:
87130429899131. Positive reinforcement can be defined as a process by which the probability of a behavior being repeated is enhanced by providing a reward after the behavior. Conversely, negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior's repetition by eliminating an aversive stimulus following the behavior (OpenStaxCollege, 2014). Both reinforcement methods are employed to sustain or augment a particular behavior.
2. Positive punishment entails the introduction of an aversive stimulus following a behavior to decrease the likelihood of that behavior recurring. On the other hand, negative punishment involves the removal of a reward following a behavior, with the same goal of reducing the probability of that behavior being repeated (OpenStaxCollege, 2014). Both forms of punishment, then, ultimately aim to diminish or extinguish a given behavior.
3. While negative reinforcement and punishment are sometimes conflated, it is essential to note that they are distinct concepts. Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of a particular behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus. In contrast, punishment, on the other hand, aims to decrease the probability of behavior by either introducing an unpleasant stimulus or taking away the desired reward (OpenStaxCollege, 2014). Consider, for instance, the case of a child who is more likely to complete their homework on time when they know that this will exempt them from additional chores (an example of negative reinforcement). This is different from the case of a child who is deterred from misbehaving in class for fear of losing recess privileges (an example of punishment).
4. Extinction refers to ending a behavior by no longer reinforcing it. This can be done by no longer providing rewards for behavior or removing unpleasant stimuli following a behavior (OpenStaxCollege, 2014).
5. Identifying the function of a behavior is crucial for designing effective intervention plans. Understanding why a behavior occurs will allow you to select the most appropriate intervention techniques.
6. There are four primary functions that behavior can serve. First, social positive reinforcement refers to instances in which behavior is reinforced by attention from others. Second, tangible positive reinforcement involves acquiring tangible items due to behavior. Third, social negative reinforcement allows an individual to escape or avoid an unpleasant social situation through certain behaviors. Finally, automatic reinforcement occurs when the behavior produces reinforcing sensory stimulation (Lumen, 2010).
7. A functional behavior assessment (FBA) involves indirect and direct assessment to identify the purpose of a particular behavior. By understanding the function of the behavior, a more targeted and effective intervention plan can be designed. Indirect assessment solicits information from individuals familiar with the behavior, such as parents, teachers, or caregivers. In contrast, direct descriptive assessment entails t...
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