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Literature & Language
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English (U.S.)
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Phonology Analysis Midterm Literature & Language Essay

Essay Instructions:

Choose one of the following problem sets and write a paper about the solution to it.
Eligible problem sets:
Problem set 1 (English plurals)
Problem set 2, parts 1 AND 2 (Algonquian and French)
Problem set 4 (German fricatives)
In support of your analysis, your paper should include the following charts and tables:
Vowel chart and consonant chart of all the segments in the dataset, organized as in the IPA chart by place and manner (for consonants) or by height and backness (for vowels).
A table with the local environments where each allophone occurs (for the allophone(s) under consideration)
Formal phonological rule(s), phrased using features, not lists of segments
Paraphrased phonological rule(s) in prose form: This explains what your formal rule is supposed to do, and shows us that you understand it.
Sample derivations that illustrate how your analysis works. I.e., /underlying representation/ --> [surface representation] for a number of examples that illustrate why you chose the features you did for the rule in (3,4). This is your "proof" section.
Lexicon: what you hypothesize the underlying representation to be for all forms in the problem. What you think the speaker has in their head, before the rule(s) you discovered apply.
Your paper must explain all your reasoning:
how you set up your lexicon,
how your rule works,
why you chose the particular distinctive features in your rules,
how your sample derivations work,
why alternative rule formulations are not as good as the one you have proposed, any problems you might have encountered, etc.
This discussion should be integrated with the tables and charts. Refer to this guidelines pdf for further guidance on how to organize your paper. The resulting essay will be at least two pages long, if you're very concise, or more likely 3-5 pages long. There is absolutely no reason for it to be more than 10 pages long; you should aim for 2-5 pages (single spaced, 12pt font, reasonable margins).
This counts as your midterm. You can do it in Week 5-6, or you can do it sooner. If you'd like to get feedback on a draft of your paper, you can do that during office hours.
You must upload a pdf to submit this assignment.


 


There are numerous features that are used in describing every aspect of speech in human language. The different languages in the world sound different because of the way speech sound forms and patterns are utilized in these languages. Phonology is simply the study or investigation

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Phonology Analysis
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Phonology Analysis
There are numerous features that are used in describing every aspect of speech in human language. The different languages in the world sound different because of the way speech sound forms and patterns are utilized in these languages. Phonology is simply the study or investigation of the sound forms and patterns in a particular language. It informs the inquirer the sound found in the language, as well as how they merge together in order to form words. Notably, this is a basis to understand the diverse phonetic features that are essential to identifying words. In this paper I will examine the sounds [Й™z], [z], and [s] in plurals. The pronunciation of morphemes depends on the context (Szczegielniak, n.d.).
There certain instances when the sounds [Й™z], [z], and [s] are applicable in the pronunciation of plurals. Notably, there are difference between the phonological environments when these aspects can be applied, and can either take the sounds [Й™z], [z], and [s]. There are three main rules that are usually used in the formation of plurals in the English languages. The rules are based on the sounds identified above. The sound that is applied on a particular word depends on the phonological rules of the particular word. The rules apply depending on a general rule that operates based on the groups of sound in a certain word. We can easily understand that, if the singular ends in a particular sound, the plural will be [-s], and when it is ending in another type, the plural will be [z], and finally if the singular ends with a sound of the third type, the plural will be [Й™z]. Any speaker is able to memorize which sound is applicable based on the singular form of the word (Szczegielniak, n.d.).
In order to acknowledge he differences between the diverse phonological patterns, we will utilize examples and establish where the sound [Й™z], [z], and [-s] are applied. Usually, a minimal pair is usually two words with different meanings that are identical, save for a sound that occurs in the same location in every word. In understanding the phonology of plurals in the English language, the minimal pair will be very essential in understanding the diverse features of pronouncing plurals. A good example is between cab and cap, differ from the final sound. In this regard, the sound of the plural for these two words will be determined by the last sound of the nouns. The following chart shows how the sounds are applied based on the last sound of the word (Szczegielniak, n.d.).
SoundContext of Usage[z]This is usually applied when the noun is ending with the consonant sound /b/, /d/, /g/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ng/, /r/ or with a vowel sound, /a/, /e...
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