Ten Specific Steps of Effective Planning

Negotiation
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Negotiation
Ten Specific Steps of Effective Planning
Planning in negotiation is possibly a single process. It is made up of several integrative stages that contribute to the overall outcome. According to Lewicki, Barry, & Saunders (2016, pp.97-110), there are ten critical phases in planning. First, identification and the definition of negotiation goal is a starting point in a negotiation process. The negotiation goal is crucial in the development of a strategy. Secondly, a key issue(s) that is associated with the achievement of the goal should be identified. These issues are based on analysis, previous experience, consultations, or research.
Thirdly, assemble the issues, ranked their importance, and defined the bargaining mix. Negotiators need to rank issues based on their level of importance, prioritize, state bargain ranges, and determine matters that are related to each other. Fourthly, the negotiators in this phase will define interests. These interests can be substantive, process-based, or relationship-based. Fifthly, it is crucial to be aware of alternatives in case the other party refuses certain propositions. Sixthly, get to know the limits that include a resistance point. Seventhly, there is a need to analyze and understand the other party’s interests, goals, issues, and resistance points.
Eighthly, in this stage, individuals need to set their targets and open bids. Ninthly, assess the social context of negotiation; contextualization can be based on form...