The Meaning of Happiness. Literature & Language Essay

The Meaning of…Essay
Assignment Overview
The first major assignment in COMM 100W required that you write a paper consisting entirely of statements of fact. This second major assignment will also include statements of fact, but the goal of the essay is to establish something that cannot be empirically verified: the meaning of a word.
As you may have experienced when composing the Fact Paper, our ability to make an argument is limited when we cannot appeal to values. Contrary to the belief that values diminish the validity of an argument by rendering it mere opinion, values are a necessary part of argument. Indeed, they are the very heart of argument. This is the case in part because evaluative terms are notoriously difficult to define.
To establish what is meant by any evaluative word, we must rely on precedent and context. We can refer to authoritative sources such as dictionaries, but we must also take into account common usage and intent. In the case of words like hot, cold, short, or tall, there may be specific temperatures or heights that we can all agree define that term. There is no such widespread agreement for other evaluative terms, especially cultural values.
Cultural values are key terms to which we appeal again and again when deciding a course of action. They are values that most people would agree are fundamental to our society, even if we cannot agree on their definition. Examples of cultural values are: freedom, happiness, efficiency, maturity, ingenuity, independence, health, security, life, criminality, responsibility, and sustainability.
This assignment is designed to give you practice in another technique of persuasive writing, that of defining a cultural value or other key term in such a way that seems credible to your reader. Your ability to credibly define your terms will help you to contribute to a range of public discourse in influential ways.
Instructions
Identify an instance in a document, broadcast, or conversation in which the meaning an author assigns to a word is debatable. You are not looking for an instance in which someone uses a term incorrectly, such as using the word “antidote” to refer to a short story. Rather, you are looking for an instance in which a person applies a word to an object or situation and you disagree with the person’s evaluation of that object or situation.
When you have your example, then answer for yourself the following question: Why is it important to dispute the meaning of that word? Your answer to that question will eventually become the thesis of your paper.
Begin your essay by getting our attention, using vivid language, previewing your definition of the disputed word, then present your thesis, followed by your preview of main points. Following your introduction, present your research on your word that supports the usage for which you advocate.
There are a number of ways to establish a precedent for a preferred meaning of a term, including reference to a dictionary, though that reference should not be limited to Merriam Webster’s.
You can trace the etymology of your word in the Oxford English Dictionary, which is available electronically via the university library: http://catalog(dot)sjlibrary(dot)org/record=b1879016~S1 (Links to an external site.)
Other dictionaries you can search include:
legal: http://www(dot)legal-dictionary(dot)org/ (Links to an external site.)
medical: http://www(dot)online-medical-dictionary(dot)org/ (Links to an external site.)
philosophical: http://www(dot)philosophypages(dot)com/dy/index.htm (Links to an external site.)
slang: http://www(dot)urbandictionary(dot)com/ (Links to an external site.)
Another way to establish the meaning of a term is to show how others use it, even if that usage is common only to a certain group of people. To do this, you will need to compile examples of others using your word in the manner for which you advocate. This research might include reference to the term’s equivalent in other languages.
A third strategy for establishing the meaning of a term is to define related terms. For instance, if you are establishing the meaning of maturity, you may also want to define experienced, responsible, and established.
After establishing a precedent for your preferred meaning, explain the difference it will make to use that meaning over another. In this section of the paper, you will want to provide specific examples of how the word’s meaning can or will influence decision-making and social action.
You will also be making strategic choices in your writing style involving different kinds of statements to advance an argument. This can involve what kinds of statements you use the most and why they are important. Therefore, you are required to label one example of a value claim and Interpretive claim. Below are two examples:
Value claim: For example: “SJSU’s EOP advances an equity-minded approach to education.” Or, “The Mineta Institute dedicates its resources to promoting sustainable forms of transportation.” (Value claims in italics.)
Interpretive claim: For example: “Her letter suggests that she equates ‘political’ with ‘corrupt’.”
Conclude your paper with a brief summary of your argument and re-statement of your thesis.
Formatting guidelines
You paper should be 1500 words in length not including endnotes, bibliography, or references page. The final draft of the paper must be submitted via Canvas, and double-spaced with one-inch margins. Use 12 pt. font, preferably Times New Roman. Please do not include a title page or my name. Simply include your name, the semester, and the assignment (single-spaced) at the top of the first page. Citations should be formatted in accordance with either MLA or APA guidelines. Those guidelines can be found in The Pocket Wadsworth Handbook and the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): http://owl(dot)english(dot)purdue(dot)edu/ (Links to an external site.). Even when you reference a dictionary available online, be sure to provide a complete citation for the text, including the names of editors and publishers.
Peer Reviews
This assignment also requires that you create a post with your 500 word rough draft and complete two questionnaires for any two peers via the "Peer Review of Meaning of...Essays" assignment, which is due Tuesday, March 24th by 11:59pm. Details can be found in the assignment.
Research requirements
Your meaning of...essay requires at least ten outside sources, which include scholarly sources (i.e., Peer Reviewed articles). For more information, please read: https://libguides(dot)sjsu(dot)edu/c.php?g=230326&p=1528242 (Links to an external site.)
Grading
When grading your paper, I will be looking for the following:
1) INTRODUCTION'S ATTENTION GETTING MATERIAL: Introduction contains vivid language and an engaging, descriptive opening that makes the reader want to know more about the topic. You also have a preview of the definition of the disputed word. _______/10 points
2) INTRODUCTION'S THESIS STATEMENT AND PREVIEW OF MAIN POINTS: After the attention-gathering material, the introduction should conclude with a specific thesis statement and preview of the main points. Argumentative thesis statement: Is this persuasive? What are you going to prove? What is the one statement that covers your paper, and what are the main reasons (should correspond with order and content of the paragraphs) to buy into your thesis? What is your preferred meaning? _______/10 points
3) ORGANIZATION: Successful organization of paragraphs, including transitions between paragraphs and informative topic sentences that tell me what material will be in the paragraphs. _______/15 points
4) MAIN POINTS: Paragraphs should be consist of both fact (specific and general) as well as summaries to demonstrate understanding of the resources. Additionally, main points need to stay on topic per paragraph._______/20 points
5) LOGICAL REASONING: Do you include evidence and pertinent information that supports your thesis, particularly with the stance you want the reader to take? Do you provide the connective tissue that directly shows how your evidence supports your thesis?_______/20 points
6) CONCLUSION'S THESIS STATEMENT AND REVIEW OF MAIN POINTS: Does your paper end as it began, with a restatement of your thesis and main points?_______/10 points
7) CONCLUSION'S CLOSURE: Do you end concisely and in a way that provides obvious closure to the paper? _______/10 points
8) RESEARCH: Did you use well-organized thorough research that lends credibility to your preferred meaning? Did you use at least ten outside sources, which comprise of three scholarly and seven non-scholarly sources? Are your in-text citations correct? Is your Works Cited or References page correct?_______/10 points
9) MOP SPECIFIC GUIDELINES: Did you include definitions and explanations regarding the common usage and history (as appropriate) of your term? Do you use active voice? Did you meet the word count of 1,500 words?_______/10 points
10) FORMATTING: Follows formatting guidelines for the paper, which includes: using proper grammar, sentence structure, and punctuation._______/10 points
11): VALUE CLAIM AND INTERPRETIVE CLAIM: Did you label one value claim and interpretive claim?_______/10 points