Islamic Civilization. Literature & Language Essay.

Islamic Civilization
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Islamic Civilization
Islam has shaped the civilization landscape of the Middle East and the Mediterranean for quite a long time. The first four caliphs, also known as the Rashidun, were namely Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and 'Ali. After these four caliphs, the Islamic civilization was now at its fastest growing, with the establishment of various dynasties, starting with the Umayyads.The spread of Islamic civilization was mainly as a result of trade, war as well as pilgrimage. Islamic empire in the Middle East was ruled by a government known as the caliphate. The caliphate means successor in Islam. This meant that the top leadership was hereditary. The caliphate ruled east Asia, North Africa, and some parts of Europe for a long time. there was a big change during and after the fallout of the caliph era. Caliph era is believed to have ended a long time ago around 1258CE when the Mongols defeated the Abbasids at Baghdad. While some also believe that the Caliph era ended when Turkey as a country was formed in 1924. There were various dynasties that came after the end of the caliphate regime.
There was a lot of transformation that occurred after the fallout of the caliphate era. After the end of the caliphate, the united Islamic empires were no more, they become disorganized and decentralized. This posed a lot of vulnerability in their leadership. there was no strong government to make an important decision for the Muslims. This shows that there was no more central leadership and the empires divide further to form small groups to start ruling themselves. When the caliphate government waned, they left power to the Isla...