DNA, Population Evolution, Biological Diversity, Plant and Animal Evolution, and Biomes

Basic Biology
Name
Institution Affiliation
Basic Biology
DNA in Forensic Science
Forensic science is used in solving crimes, exonerating or convicting suspected criminals and uncovering miseries. It is applied in proving that a crime exists, identifying the perpetrator of the crime and also creating a link between the crime and the suspect through the following ways; administering tests, examination of the tangible evidence at the crime scene, interpreting the outcomes, reporting concisely and clearly as well as providing honest and truthful testimony (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2010).
The DNA for the for the suspect is extracted and analyzed in the laboratory so that it can be compared to that collected from the crime scene. In the case of paternity issues, the DNA of the father and that of the child are extracted and checked whether they can be copied to one another (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2010). Also, matches can be checked of similar repeating units within the DNA strands. A minimum match of four is reliable to convict a suspect of the crimes (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2010).
Population Evolution and Microbial Life
Bacterial genomes had not been sequenced until 1995 when genome two was sequenced. Since then, there has been a wide application of genome sequences in biology and other fields. The first example is the use of microbial life in detecting microorganisms that were previously undetected or "unculturable" microorganisms. It has provided platforms for sorting or doing metagenomics (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2010). Another application of genomics is testing of evolutionary and ecologically more general hypotheses. Microbial life is also essential in decomposing materials on the environment. For example, bacteria can be used in breaking sewage loads. Microbial life is also used today in biology as vectors for genetic engineering in transferring genes to a cell (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2010).
Biological Diversity Evolution
Biological diversity implies a wide variety of organisms inhabiting a given region. It includes all living organisms at a given place. The place could be a geographical area such as a country. Biological diversity is divided into three levels. These are genetic level, taxonomic level, and ecosystem diversity (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2010). Genetic biodiversity is the level at which diversity is clearly visible; genetic diversity refers to the variability in genes of the organisms in a given species, populations or a given family. A variety of genes enables the organisms to survive over changing environments due to diversity in adaptability. This concept is applied in the production of seeds that have a wide variety of genes so as to resist diseases, adapt to changing weather and adapt to a wide variety of soils (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2010).
Taxonomic diversity refers to the variation of organisms at a specified hierarchy which can be different families, kingdoms, species or genus (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2010). For example, there may be so many birds in a given forest but belong to a few species and therefore represent low diversity. Taxonomic diversity is applied in assessing environmental quality. The environment is quality when there is high diversity.
Ecos...